Japanese architecture

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEienP35WImOZZS1WaDzyHm3VczcH44OXdnI9lwX-ptKyeLjmdJjFqlgMXjLBfGFGhyphenhyphen7gVeBajncuqMJV2EWN2Quwf63OVyJC0QSITj-HMfiX6WXKHQzu1PW6muGV7idPF8nAnGChSotTnZ1/s1600/500px-Kinkaku3402CBcropped-716172.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099273683399909138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEienP35WImOZZS1WaDzyHm3VczcH44OXdnI9lwX-ptKyeLjmdJjFqlgMXjLBfGFGhyphenhyphen7gVeBajncuqMJV2EWN2Quwf63OVyJC0QSITj-HMfiX6WXKHQzu1PW6muGV7idPF8nAnGChSotTnZ1/s320/500px-Kinkaku3402CBcropped-716172.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Japanese architecture (日本建築, <i>Nihon kenchiku</i>)</b> has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs. Sliding doors (<i>fusuma</i>) were used in place of walls, allowing the internal configuration of a space to be customized for different occasions. People usually sat on cushions or otherwise on the floor, traditionally; chairs and high tables were not widely used until the 20th century. Since the 19th century, however, Japan has incorporated much of Western, modern, and post-modern architecture into construction and design, and is today a leader in cutting-edge architectural design and technology.</p> <p>The earliest Japanese architecture was seen in prehistoric times in simple pit-houses and stores that were adapted to a hunter-gatherer population. Influence from Han Dynasty China via Korea saw the introduction of more complex grain stores and ceremonial burial chambers.</p> <p>The introduction into</p>

Japanese architecture

Japanese architecture (日本建築, Nihon kenchiku ) has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the groun...

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Manga

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwzjED0zMkqsjPo-kHDnC7P7vKwHvP-w2ZMWrcQaqvwn16ky0VIGB73hsEiDkiYt1erTq1upoq0sQdgae1-i4PDr8x4AaKDpPufY3D6SXC2WWmov3jCxMwebaRGe_3-1j2LtBdW79NsC9e/s1600/344px-Manga_in_Jp.svg-716292.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099265956936716370" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwzjED0zMkqsjPo-kHDnC7P7vKwHvP-w2ZMWrcQaqvwn16ky0VIGB73hsEiDkiYt1erTq1upoq0sQdgae1-i4PDr8x4AaKDpPufY3D6SXC2WWmov3jCxMwebaRGe_3-1j2LtBdW79NsC9e/s320/344px-Manga_in_Jp.svg-716292.png"></a></p><p><b>Manga</b> (漫ç"», <i>Manga</i>) are comics created in Japan, or by Japanese creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed in Japan in the late 19th century. They have a long and complex pre-history in earlier Japanese art.</p> <p>In Japan, people of all ages read manga. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action-adventure, romance, sports and games, historical drama, comedy, science fiction and fantasy, mystery, suspense, detective, horror, sexuality, and business/commerce, among others. Since the 1950s, manga has steadily become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a Â¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007 (approximately $3.6 billion) and Â¥420 billion ($5.5 billion) in 2009. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience. In Europe and the Middle East the market is worth $250 million. In 2008, in the U.S. and Canada, the manga market was valued at $175 million. The markets in France and the United States a</p>

Manga

Manga (漫ç"», Manga ) are comics created in Japan, or by Japanese creators in the Japanese language, conforming to a style developed ...

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Japanese aesthetics

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikfI0HJmakqLYFaCS1ExNqOpUqRPW1SpkQHM_Vzw6NbJQAd-IptWbkpoOJJFhHm5uI81aNZFlNSkvSt3lAg5MT067VLEjuuCJdKzwZxkfuDJDchTqyJqz-OfuhEFliCffGIXdzmpUIUIQ1/s1600/332px-Sunriseatsojiji-717640.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099258225633323826" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikfI0HJmakqLYFaCS1ExNqOpUqRPW1SpkQHM_Vzw6NbJQAd-IptWbkpoOJJFhHm5uI81aNZFlNSkvSt3lAg5MT067VLEjuuCJdKzwZxkfuDJDchTqyJqz-OfuhEFliCffGIXdzmpUIUIQ1/s320/332px-Sunriseatsojiji-717640.jpg"></a></p><p>The modern study of <b>Japanese aesthetics</b> only started a little over two hundred years ago in the West. The Japanese aesthetic is a set of ancient ideals that include <i>wabi</i> (transient and stark beauty), <i>sabi</i> (the beauty of natural patina and aging), and <i>yūgen</i> (profound grace and subtlety). These ideals, and others, underpin much of Japanese cultural and aesthetic norms on what is considered tasteful or beautiful. Thus, while seen as a philosophy in Western societies, the concept of aesthetics in Japan is seen as an integral part of daily life. Japanese aesthetics now encompass a variety of ideals; some of these are traditional while others are modern and sometimes influenced from other cultures.</p> <p></p> <h2>Shinto-Buddhism</h2><br><br> <p>Shinto is considered to be at the fountain-head of Japanese culture. With its emphasis on the wholeness of nature and character in ethics, and its celebration of the landscape, it sets the tone for Japanese aesthetics.</p>

Japanese aesthetics

The modern study of Japanese aesthetics only started a little over two hundred years ago in the West. The Japanese aesthetic is a set of an...

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Culture of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikHqewRC8fWcxesMHgX7YoRdnIkVaM2WKa5aeIIVuWj-TjX6nGJQfQtMzDZfgMgGfTZCY0q9YN9NbSDcNGpRXk1jkpVPAebzdUTW_-d_vnRW2vm_kbCL-yER4GQO93it13NrWOk8OhAE2R/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715370.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099250486318228626" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikHqewRC8fWcxesMHgX7YoRdnIkVaM2WKa5aeIIVuWj-TjX6nGJQfQtMzDZfgMgGfTZCY0q9YN9NbSDcNGpRXk1jkpVPAebzdUTW_-d_vnRW2vm_kbCL-yER4GQO93it13NrWOk8OhAE2R/s320/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715370.png"></a></p><p>The <b>culture of Japan</b> has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid culture, which combines influences from Asia, Europe, and North America. The inhabitants of Japan experienced a long period of relative isolation from the outside world during the Tokugawa shogunate, until the arrival of "The Black Ships" and the Meiji period.</p> <p></p> <h2>Japanese language</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/HeNoHeNoMoHe.png/120px-HeNoHeNoMoHe.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Japanese is the official and primary language of Japan. Japanese is relatively small but has a lexically distinct pitch-accent system. Early Japanese is known largely on the basis of its state in the 8th century, when the three major works of Old Japanese were compiled. The earliest attestation of the Japanese language is in a Chinese document from 252 AD.</p>

Culture of Japan

The culture of Japan has evolved greatly over the millennia, from the country's prehistoric Jōmon period, to its contemporary hybrid c...

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Career woman

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmgp_UWqam7iL6UHGvjzXp11iGnYe_vBOhTm8p3FxTIHkRspvUcrJJPe_0XtQGxGXML56Tq1Ihe_RwclOl-rdvdiWKgoK83eTzWycsQf9eVORKhiqluywJTgel3rC2qV7dG1XOiqLgD_6/s1600/Hiratsuka_Raicho%25252C_1886-1971-715700.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099242753787197570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAmgp_UWqam7iL6UHGvjzXp11iGnYe_vBOhTm8p3FxTIHkRspvUcrJJPe_0XtQGxGXML56Tq1Ihe_RwclOl-rdvdiWKgoK83eTzWycsQf9eVORKhiqluywJTgel3rC2qV7dG1XOiqLgD_6/s320/Hiratsuka_Raicho%25252C_1886-1971-715700.jpg"></a></p><p>A <b>career woman</b> (キャリアウーマン, <i>kyariaūman</i>) sometimes <b>career girl</b>, is a Japanese term for a Japanese woman, married or not, who pursues a career to make a living and for personal advancement, rather than being a housewife without occupation outside the home. The term came into use when women were expected to marry and become housewives after a short period working as an "office lady".</p> <p>"Career woman" is used in Japan to describe the counterpart to the Japanese salaryman (サラリーマン); i.e., a woman who works for a salaried living. These Japanese women seek to either supplement their family's income through work or to remain independent by seeking a career as a working woman.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Career_woman.jpg/475px-Career_woman.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <h3>Early history</h3> <p>In Japan, women were thoug</p>

Career woman

A career woman (キャリアウーマン, kyariaūman ) sometimes career girl , is a Japanese term for a Japanese woman, married or not, wh...

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Women in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTkZ6ePW381nQshZPfplkVPTw6S6jWEHnRO7z2jol8JPt6qT00loNEge01S6cfMpilUNWX6GLSSggPm_OHymTkr3XyCLqkpyeu7jNXsrVe1cbcDUBAxt5MHwXfaAHPjH7AnMzC1vhJIaaZ/s1600/500px-Japanese_women-717527.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099235031564061426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTkZ6ePW381nQshZPfplkVPTw6S6jWEHnRO7z2jol8JPt6qT00loNEge01S6cfMpilUNWX6GLSSggPm_OHymTkr3XyCLqkpyeu7jNXsrVe1cbcDUBAxt5MHwXfaAHPjH7AnMzC1vhJIaaZ/s320/500px-Japanese_women-717527.jpg"></a></p><p>After World War II, the dominant cultural template for the role of a <b>Japanese woman</b> has been that of the "office lady (OL)" , who becomes a housewife, and then a kyoiku mama (education mother) after marriage.</p> <p></p> <h2>Cultural history</h2><br><br> <p>Gender had been regarded to have been an important principle of stratification throughout Japanese history, but in light of recent discoveries this is being questioned. The cultural elaboration of gender differences has varied over time and among different social classes. In the 8th century Japan had female emperors, and in the 12th century (Heian period), for example, women in Japan could inherit property in their own names and manage it by themselves: "Women could own property, be educated, and were allowed, if discrete, to take lovers" (sic)[1]. There is also evidence of women holding high positions in society during the Kamakura period, and records left by the Portuguese missionary Luís Fróis from the 16th century de</p>

Women in Japan

After World War II, the dominant cultural template for the role of a Japanese woman has been that of the "office lady (OL)" , who...

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Smoking in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaFmRQTlYi_Ed3DmfQLLiZXBb7BIjOXxqv9jpeQgbSOkl8He9Q4UdniJCKZ9iCMpel0Y7EpVRvUehtT3ZSNXAYoKOaXobkmCWzvtMiEWrIV1v6Mvy5E62OU0FEa3nBwG15RWsDI3_qFLPW/s1600/September_3_08_smoking_Japanese_lady_in_lounge_ad_on_Akitamachi-715768.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099227293943203538" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaFmRQTlYi_Ed3DmfQLLiZXBb7BIjOXxqv9jpeQgbSOkl8He9Q4UdniJCKZ9iCMpel0Y7EpVRvUehtT3ZSNXAYoKOaXobkmCWzvtMiEWrIV1v6Mvy5E62OU0FEa3nBwG15RWsDI3_qFLPW/s320/September_3_08_smoking_Japanese_lady_in_lounge_ad_on_Akitamachi-715768.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Smoking in Japan</b>, though historically less restricted by law than in many other nations, has significantly changed in recent years. Tobacco use has been in constant decline since 1996 and the decline has been accelerating in recent years. Consumption of cigarettes in 2012 was 197.5 billion sticks, roughly 57% of the peak figure in 1996 and a number last seen in 1968. Similarly in 2012, the adult smoking rate was 22.1%, 33.7% of Japanese men and 10.6% of Japanese women; this is the lowest recorded figure since Japan Tobacco began surveying in 1965. As of 2005, nearly 30 million people smoke in Japan, making the country one of the world's larger tobacco markets</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/No_smoking_patrol_-_Japan_-_October_2014.jpg/745px-No_smoking_patrol_-_Japan_-_October_2014.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Until 1985, the tobacco industry was a governm</p>

Smoking in Japan

Smoking in Japan , though historically less restricted by law than in many other nations, has significantly changed in recent years. Tobacco...

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Sexuality in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHr1X-4eXZ1XkE3BkyMWd7tI8-Rdi_-3SFKB3LMo9zoAn2lPu8TFW9o7R4A9rtsGCZlEucMt4_gOHEOisXVTKkHmiDzZ5JuYpeaqzUxMBTofWANA3pWtnX9hUsRb-koCfhAuluxS5e-jhN/s1600/340px-Maiko_in_Gion2-715967.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099219564059763282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHr1X-4eXZ1XkE3BkyMWd7tI8-Rdi_-3SFKB3LMo9zoAn2lPu8TFW9o7R4A9rtsGCZlEucMt4_gOHEOisXVTKkHmiDzZ5JuYpeaqzUxMBTofWANA3pWtnX9hUsRb-koCfhAuluxS5e-jhN/s320/340px-Maiko_in_Gion2-715967.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Sexuality in Japan</b> has developed separately from mainland Asia, as Japan did not adopt the Confucian view of marriage. Monogamy in marriage was not prized in Japan, and married men often sought pleasure from their courtesans. Prostitution in Japan has a long history, and became especially popular during the Japanese economic miracle, as evening entertainments were tax-deductible. Homosexuality and bisexuality are less frowned upon than in many other parts of the world. Japanese pornography has a wide following worldwide and is translated and exported nearly everywhere due to its wide range of themes and media. Japan has a vibrant fetish scene particularly in the larger cities that has influenced many fetish communities worldwide. Decreased sex drive in the 21st century was blamed for the low Japanese birth rate and declining growth of the Japanese population.</p> <p></p> <h2>Decreasing sexual activity</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-righ

Sexuality in Japan

Sexuality in Japan has developed separately from mainland Asia, as Japan did not adopt the Confucian view of marriage. Monogamy in marriage...

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Religion in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6G5IqkOAqNbPbSNIwy_kLmEbqAyrS2fsFdzXKkM3IT2UhkIKiKFvIAaL9zTDizXOkVRCeBvE6QbvxySNDiHEEgr_89tvHYtIm0BDTZ0Xns7n52Hxv7I-yJgPEWFsJYZUG2y04HRZ_hgO/s1600/364px-Religion_in_Japan_by_prefecture%25252C_1996_statistics-717690.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099211838612318274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6G5IqkOAqNbPbSNIwy_kLmEbqAyrS2fsFdzXKkM3IT2UhkIKiKFvIAaL9zTDizXOkVRCeBvE6QbvxySNDiHEEgr_89tvHYtIm0BDTZ0Xns7n52Hxv7I-yJgPEWFsJYZUG2y04HRZ_hgO/s320/364px-Religion_in_Japan_by_prefecture%25252C_1996_statistics-717690.png"></a></p><p><b>Religion in Japan</b> is dominated by Shinto, which is the ethnic religion of the Japanese people, and by Buddhist schools and organisations. According to surveys carried out in 2006 and 2008 less than 40% of the population of Japan identifies with an organised religion: around 34% are Buddhists, 3% to 3.9% are members of Shinto sects and derived religions, and 1% to 2.3% are Christians.</p> <p>Most of the Japanese (50% to 80% considering degrees of syncretism with Buddhism, <i>shinbutsu-shūgō</i>) pray and worship ancestors and gods (神 <i>kami</i>, <i>shin</i> or, archaically, <i>jin</i>) at Shinto shrines or private altars, while not identifying as "Shinto" or "Shintoist" in surveys. This is because these terms have little meaning for the majority of the Japanese, or they define membership in Shinto organisations or sects. The term "religion" (宗教 <i>shūkyō</i>) itself in Japanese culture defines only organised religions (that is religions with specific doctrines and r</p>

Religion in Japan

Religion in Japan is dominated by Shinto, which is the ethnic religion of the Japanese people, and by Buddhist schools and organisations. A...

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Languages of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX1klv_6805weizy4etNmdaC06v3nFH7f0e9zTe9MmkA8HY1mwL0AUFmeEyq36VHAfe9GWmBivANkVPzC1rxw2Bh5rqlf0JJWAuWUo7y0_3_TsKE_KWaL7xpgq1dJwDwMqA6zem4poPpfW/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715693.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099204104725202802" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX1klv_6805weizy4etNmdaC06v3nFH7f0e9zTe9MmkA8HY1mwL0AUFmeEyq36VHAfe9GWmBivANkVPzC1rxw2Bh5rqlf0JJWAuWUo7y0_3_TsKE_KWaL7xpgq1dJwDwMqA6zem4poPpfW/s320/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715693.png"></a></p><p>The oral languages spoken by the native peoples of the insular country of Japan at present and during recorded history belong to either of two primary phyla of human language:</p> <ul><li>Japonic languages <ul><li>Japanese language (See also Japanese dialects) <ul><li>Hachijo Japanese</li> <li>Eastern Japanese</li> <li>Western Japanese</li> <li>Kyushu Japanese</li> </ul></li> <li>Ryukyuan languages <ul><li>Northern Ryukyu <ul><li>Amami language</li> <li>Kunigami language</li> <li>Okinawa language</li> </ul></li> <li>Southern Ryukyu <ul><li>Miyako language</li> <li>Yaeyama language</li> <li>Yonaguni language</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li>Ainu language</li> </ul><p>In addition to these two indigenous language families, there is Japanese Sign Language as well as significant minorities of ethnic Koreans and Chinese, who respectively constitute approximately 0.5% and 0.4% of the country's population and many of whom continue to speak their respective ethnic language in privat</p>

Languages of Japan

The oral languages spoken by the native peoples of the insular country of Japan at present and during recorded history belong to either of t...

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Housing in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhByO-9l6mQa0bF9O7k4fWTb9tOtoFMp8N3FYGfiRa_C_glXbWcLBnEPffa_XDxWfwDiZbXwUWzw2ZGKI3Jvj9Gn-oHiE1Ixmf-fXVz9wPQbV2QIsXZmf35AYzP8jYFoYKkkYkExYBa3F9e/s1600/500px-Kadokawa_Teien_%252528Suginami_Tokyo_%252529_%2525E2%252585%2525A1-716642.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099196372201035154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhByO-9l6mQa0bF9O7k4fWTb9tOtoFMp8N3FYGfiRa_C_glXbWcLBnEPffa_XDxWfwDiZbXwUWzw2ZGKI3Jvj9Gn-oHiE1Ixmf-fXVz9wPQbV2QIsXZmf35AYzP8jYFoYKkkYkExYBa3F9e/s320/500px-Kadokawa_Teien_%252528Suginami_Tokyo_%252529_%2525E2%252585%2525A1-716642.JPG"></a></p><p><b>Housing in Japan</b> includes modern and traditional styles. Two patterns of residences are predominant in contemporary Japan: the single-family detached house and the multiple-unit building, either owned by an individual or corporation and rented as apartments to tenants, or owned by occupants. Additional kinds of housing, especially for unmarried people, include boarding houses (which are popular among college students), dormitories (common in companies), and barracks (for members of the Self-Defense Forces, police and some other public employees).</p> <p>An unusual feature of Japanese housing is that houses are presumed to have a limited lifespan, and are generally torn down and rebuilt after a few decades, generally twenty years for wooden buildings and thirty years for concrete buildings â€" see regulations for details.</p> <p></p> <h2>Housing statistics</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikip

Housing in Japan

Housing in Japan includes modern and traditional styles. Two patterns of residences are predominant in contemporary Japan: the single-famil...

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Gambling in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtjdEshXjnzrjzehDBrLg4vzBXTTO3Vclo9LC9y4gALs3RE_Vl_bw4jiwsqd6-s8fJdDjKth1NjrNdeavj_Wz40kD0F2CmGe1a8cQZIe7L3j94pPysar8RGipMFS8k0W52zqBfqJ5X5nbR/s1600/364px-Takarakuji_Ikebukuro_2011-717213.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099188647651217170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtjdEshXjnzrjzehDBrLg4vzBXTTO3Vclo9LC9y4gALs3RE_Vl_bw4jiwsqd6-s8fJdDjKth1NjrNdeavj_Wz40kD0F2CmGe1a8cQZIe7L3j94pPysar8RGipMFS8k0W52zqBfqJ5X5nbR/s320/364px-Takarakuji_Ikebukuro_2011-717213.jpg"></a></p><p><b>Gambling in Japan</b> is generally banned by the Criminal Code chapter 23; however, there are several exceptions, including betting on horse racing and certain motor sports.</p> <p>Public sports, lottery, and toto (football pools) are held under special laws in order to increase the income of national and local governments, as well as to offer a form of entertainment for many people.</p> <p></p> <h2>Public sports</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Gambling_books_store_in_Asakusa.jpg/120px-Gambling_books_store_in_Asakusa.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p><i>Kōei kyōgi</i> (公営競技, public sports) are public races that people in Japan can gamble on legally. There are four different types of <i>kōei kyōgi</i>: horse racing, <i>bicycle racing, powerboat racing, and asphalt speedway motorcycle racing.</i> They are allowed by special laws and are regulated by local governments or governme</p>

Gambling in Japan

Gambling in Japan is generally banned by the Criminal Code chapter 23; however, there are several exceptions, including betting on horse ra...

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Etiquette in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgBcay4WtVpJqZ9nGfZa6BKqPJ5r_bBrTnkq_zpcW8eYbRJnZULJMmsk6jFbOyjXlZG2d535GJBZdhoMX0CKun7W2iGGT14Ef495CXscL2U-TPh8YskUbHvv50X6_KVzr2l-TuxGDdfKC4/s1600/381px-Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%25252C_Kyoto-717832.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099180921391817778" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgBcay4WtVpJqZ9nGfZa6BKqPJ5r_bBrTnkq_zpcW8eYbRJnZULJMmsk6jFbOyjXlZG2d535GJBZdhoMX0CKun7W2iGGT14Ef495CXscL2U-TPh8YskUbHvv50X6_KVzr2l-TuxGDdfKC4/s320/381px-Ofuro_at_Tamahan_ryokan%25252C_Kyoto-717832.jpg"></a></p><p>The code of <b>etiquette in Japan</b> governs the expectations of social behavior in the country and is considered very important. Like many social cultures, etiquette varies greatly depending on one's status relative to the person in question. Many books instruct readers on its minutiae.</p> <p>Some conventions may be very regional practices, and thus may not exist in all regions of Japan. Some customs have changed over the course of Japanese history. The following are generally accepted modern customs in Japan.</p> <p></p> <h2>Bathing</h2><br><br> <p>Bathing is an important part of the daily routine in Japan. Baths are for relaxing, and the body must be cleaned and scrubbed before entering the bathtub or <i>furo</i>. This is normally done at a small faucet or shower located in the same room as the tub, while seated on a small stool. A traditional Japanese bathtub is square, and deep enough that the water will cover the shoulders, but requires the bather to sit with the knees draw</p>

Etiquette in Japan

The code of etiquette in Japan governs the expectations of social behavior in the country and is considered very important. Like many socia...

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Education in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjWANfQtg-dWzxZ-_ZuSIcSyXXesCLsuvClnCYWzk1tnI22ZSatsumj2M1hSI5a9wkxH0jPvPMKfcWyBfz2D8qLUvWpVQ3BNVnPxfVHYNCMkN-maitHMv4yZWASIBg0ie1Vscjjtwqv2j/s1600/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715465.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099173175417992338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqjWANfQtg-dWzxZ-_ZuSIcSyXXesCLsuvClnCYWzk1tnI22ZSatsumj2M1hSI5a9wkxH0jPvPMKfcWyBfz2D8qLUvWpVQ3BNVnPxfVHYNCMkN-maitHMv4yZWASIBg0ie1Vscjjtwqv2j/s320/500px-Flag_of_Japan.svg-715465.png"></a></p><p>In <b>Japan</b>, <b>education</b> is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels. Most students attend public schools through the lower secondary level, but private education is popular at the upper secondary and university levels. Japan's education system played a central part in Japan's recovery and rapid economic growth in the decades following the end of World War II.</p> <p>After World War II, the Fundamental Law of Education and the School Education Law were enacted in 1947 under the direction of the occupation forces. The latter law defined the school system that is still in effect today: six years of elementary school, three years of junior high school, three years of high school, two or four years of university.</p> <p>Education prior to elementary school is provided at kindergartens and day-care centers. Public and private day-care centers take children from under age one on up to five years old. The programmes for those children aged 3â€"5 resemble those at ki</p>

Education in Japan

In Japan , education is compulsory at the elementary and lower secondary levels. Most students attend public schools through the lower seco...

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Demographics of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPO3uyTFsgrAC66LMfDDijmWNmMJIUJBDw20ge331c_CGflCH9hh_-Gftvw_KGaqzI0wXj103mJc7PONmeqCdB4PSdkW_WRREnMDjSqRJiHf-6QzE0gn1Vgt-KV-lEyuJGa1wOb52-Nf3j/s1600/500px-Japan_Population_density_map.svg-716244.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099165450465376306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPO3uyTFsgrAC66LMfDDijmWNmMJIUJBDw20ge331c_CGflCH9hh_-Gftvw_KGaqzI0wXj103mJc7PONmeqCdB4PSdkW_WRREnMDjSqRJiHf-6QzE0gn1Vgt-KV-lEyuJGa1wOb52-Nf3j/s320/500px-Japan_Population_density_map.svg-716244.png"></a></p><p>The demographic features of the population of Japan include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects regarding the population.</p> <p>Based on the census from October 2010, Japan's population was at one of its peaks â€" 128,057,352. As of March 2012 the population estimate was 127,650,000 making it the world's tenth-most populous country. Current statistics do not showcase much difference in population numbers. Japan's population size can be attributed to high growth rates experienced during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.</p> <p>In recent years, Japan has experienced net population loss due to falling birth rates and almost no net immigration, despite having one of the highest life expectancies in the world at 81.25 years of age as of 2006. Using the annual estimate for October of each year, the population peaked in 2008 at 128,083,960 and had fallen 285,256 by October 2011. Japan's </p>

Demographics of Japan

The demographic features of the population of Japan include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic...

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Crime in Japan

<p><b>Crime in Japan</b> is lower than in all other industrialized countries.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/WANTED_in_2004_(468010).jpg/120px-WANTED_in_2004_(468010).jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <h2>Yakuza</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Rashomon_poster_2.jpg/220px-Rashomon_poster_2.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>The yakuza had existed in Japan well before the 1800s and followed codes similar to the bushido of the samurai. Their early operations were usually close-knit, and the leader and gang members had father-son relationships. Although this traditional arrangement continues to exist, yakuza activities are increasingly replaced by modern types of gangs that depend on force and money as organizing concepts. Nonetheless, yakuza often picture themselves as saviors of trad</p>

Crime in Japan

Crime in Japan is lower than in all other industrialized countries. History Yakuza The yakuza had existed in Japan well before th...

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Japanese yen

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxEtwTYMWqrJeLXYhZqgTeUrFQPohILaQWCnwWIBCDShkX8EZDcosRtY8rH7N47gREAY6vM5WOBZ0Pnj1ZFk38ui8GVnARsipmvHoVZKYsdZdGE1fWv3jvypxJvFUK9NsBexSzd1qK8T9/s1600/500px-JPY_Banknotes-718503.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099149998626219394" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxEtwTYMWqrJeLXYhZqgTeUrFQPohILaQWCnwWIBCDShkX8EZDcosRtY8rH7N47gREAY6vM5WOBZ0Pnj1ZFk38ui8GVnARsipmvHoVZKYsdZdGE1fWv3jvypxJvFUK9NsBexSzd1qK8T9/s320/500px-JPY_Banknotes-718503.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Japanese yen</b> (円 or åœ", <i>en</i>, symbol: <b>Â¥</b>; code: <b>JPY</b>) is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar and the euro. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the U.S. dollar, the euro, and the pound sterling.</p> <p></p> <h2>Pronunciation and etymology</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/1000_yen_Natsume_Soseki.jpg/800px-1000_yen_Natsume_Soseki.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Yen is pronounced "en" [eÉ´] in Japanese. The word (Shinjitai: 円, KyÅ«jitai: åœ") literally means "round" in Japanese, as <i>yuán</i> does in Chinese or <i>won</i> in Korean. Originally, Chinese had traded silver in mass (see sycee) and when Spanish and Mexican silver coins arrived, the Chinese called them 銀åœ" (silver round) for their circular shapes. The coins and the name also appeared in J</p>

Japanese yen

The Japanese yen (円 or åœ", en , symbol: Â¥ ; code: JPY ) is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in...

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Transport in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB9LlaNNaJ5A921loaECJXrS-KRNHfslZNBCWWHMa9F181qndKjV2dgjX0a6D_o-v2kOkiII1yDFC2ucfQ4tRiwa6fnDdBrQTJXOUR2PVFJ5H0WQ4wj3TsRPxLDX3F2lLKS3O9F74dnLmT/s1600/500px-JRE-TEC-E5_omiya-717481.JPG"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099142260353293010" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB9LlaNNaJ5A921loaECJXrS-KRNHfslZNBCWWHMa9F181qndKjV2dgjX0a6D_o-v2kOkiII1yDFC2ucfQ4tRiwa6fnDdBrQTJXOUR2PVFJ5H0WQ4wj3TsRPxLDX3F2lLKS3O9F74dnLmT/s320/500px-JRE-TEC-E5_omiya-717481.JPG"></a></p><p><b>Transportation in Japan</b> is modern and highly developed. Japan's transportation sector stands out for its energy efficiency: it uses less energy per person compared to other countries, thanks to a high share of rail transportation and low overall travel distances. Transportation in Japan is also very expensive in international comparison, reflecting high tolls and taxes, particularly on automobile transport.</p> <p>Japan's spending on roads has been large. The 1.2 million kilometers of paved road are the main means of transportation. Japan has left-hand traffic. A single network of high-speed, divided, limited-access toll roads connects major cities, which are operated by toll-collecting enterprises.</p> <p>Dozens of Japanese railway companies compete in regional and local passenger transportation markets; for instance, seven JR Group companies, Kintetsu Corporation, Seibu Railway, and Keio Corporation. Often, strategies of these enterprises contain real estate or department s</p>

Transport in Japan

Transportation in Japan is modern and highly developed. Japan's transportation sector stands out for its energy efficiency: it uses les...

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Solar power in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNA-EgxLnl8Eerd-q1Po7UxaW4d-hcOVCeIVw2jmy3EDerPcKAv90azS2XwTPNfjgaVJSOfNBw5mAx29HICaVPZ2pYkBGSx3FLfrryrtht53kcjP1fhSfBMeiB9YWZSBd5TrO-jn46fd2B/s1600/427px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-Japan-en-718559.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099126805306820722" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNA-EgxLnl8Eerd-q1Po7UxaW4d-hcOVCeIVw2jmy3EDerPcKAv90azS2XwTPNfjgaVJSOfNBw5mAx29HICaVPZ2pYkBGSx3FLfrryrtht53kcjP1fhSfBMeiB9YWZSBd5TrO-jn46fd2B/s320/427px-SolarGIS-Solar-map-Japan-en-718559.png"></a></p><p><b>Solar power in Japan</b> has been expanding since the late 1990s. The country is a leading manufacturer of solar panels and ranks 4th in the world for cumulative solar PV capacity installed, with most of it grid connected. The insolation is good at about 4.3 to 4.8 kWh/(m²·day). Japan is the world's fourth largest energy consumer, making solar power an important national project.</p> <p>Japan was the world's 2nd largest market for solar power in 2013, adding a record 6.9 GW of capacity. 2014 installations are expected to be even larger, potentially up to 11.9 GW.</p> <p>By the end of 2013, Japan had installed 13,600 MW of photovoltaics; enough to generate 13,600 GWh (1.4% of 2013's national electricity consumption).</p> <p></p> <h2>Government action</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_A_CO_inspects_recently_installed_solar_panels..j

Solar power in Japan

Solar power in Japan has been expanding since the late 1990s. The country is a leading manufacturer of solar panels and ranks 4th in the wo...

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Energy in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj218polV4jkQ1wLTYGUNmbGTAdzG9NWPMdh4u1XhowxjmBJgbX_aKWcQmQ9ukGpWQHJ2-slQnvlUhTh-2YMZ41APd4uVPYp0lHu8uYySLalCmSplqK2zGZTDedfOGwp_J-3As2bzZkcoP3/s1600/500px-Japan_energy_%252526_GDP-715886.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099119058663871666" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj218polV4jkQ1wLTYGUNmbGTAdzG9NWPMdh4u1XhowxjmBJgbX_aKWcQmQ9ukGpWQHJ2-slQnvlUhTh-2YMZ41APd4uVPYp0lHu8uYySLalCmSplqK2zGZTDedfOGwp_J-3As2bzZkcoP3/s320/500px-Japan_energy_%252526_GDP-715886.png"></a></p><p><b>Energy in Japan</b> refers to energy and electricity production, consumption, import and export in Japan. The country's primary energy consumption was 477.6 Mtoe in 2011, a decrease of 5% over the previous year.</p> <p>The country lacks significant domestic reserves of fossil fuel, except coal, and must import substantial amounts of crude oil, natural gas, and other energy resources, including uranium. Japan relied on oil imports to meet about 42 percent of its energy needs in 2010. Japan was also the first coal importer in 2010, with 187 Mt (about 20% of total world coal import), and the first natural gas importer with 99 bcm (12.1% of world total gas import).</p> <p>While Japan had previously relied on nuclear power to meet about one fourth of its electricity needs, after the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster all nuclear reactors have been progressively shut down for safety concerns. ÅŒi Nuclear Power Plant's reactor No. 3 was eventually restarted on 2 July 2012. As of Ja</p>

Energy in Japan

Energy in Japan refers to energy and electricity production, consumption, import and export in Japan. The country's primary energy cons...

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Labor market of Japan

<p><b>The labor force in Japan</b> numbered 65.9 million people in 2010, which was 59.6% of the population of 15 years old and older, and amongst them, 62.57 million people were employed, whereas 3.34 million people were unemployed which made the unemployment rate 5.1%. The structure of Japan's labor market experienced gradual change in the late 1980s and continued this trend throughout the 1990s. The structure of the labor market is affected by: 1) shrinking population, 2) replacement of postwar baby boom generation, 3) increasing numbers of women in the labor force, and 4) workers' rising education level. Also, increase in numbers of foreign nationals in the labor force is foreseen.</p> <p></p> <h2>Character</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b0/Social_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP_OECD_2013.svg/375px-Social_expenditure_as_percentage_of_GDP_OECD_2013.svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>The basic Ja</p>

Labor market of Japan

The labor force in Japan numbered 65.9 million people in 2010, which was 59.6% of the population of 15 years old and older, and amongst the...

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International rankings of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmF6YuvOaJRWfUzadBfyT-ziGU1zkaf2O1uqCPX2YGrQUsfNxAA5SZxf9zAK0i1SdIchZkjub9R2mofvGiVGWX7FZKlETfDFnZtERY6ivlAOnqde0fchu9S1Fy6FIy7dB9osU8ogmtVP8X/s1600/500px-Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg-717136.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099095875059855730" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmF6YuvOaJRWfUzadBfyT-ziGU1zkaf2O1uqCPX2YGrQUsfNxAA5SZxf9zAK0i1SdIchZkjub9R2mofvGiVGWX7FZKlETfDFnZtERY6ivlAOnqde0fchu9S1Fy6FIy7dB9osU8ogmtVP8X/s320/500px-Population_of_Japan_since_1872.svg-717136.png"></a></p><p>The following are international rankings of Japan.</p> <h2>Cities</h2><br><br> <ul><li>Tokyo-Yokohama, Mercer Human Resource Consulting: Most expensive cities 2008, ranked 2</li> <li>Tokyo-Yokohama, Population of urban area ranked 1</li> <li>Osakaâ€"Kobeâ€"Kyoto, Population of urban area ranked 10</li> <li>Osaka, Mercer Human Resource Consulting: Most expensive cities 2008, ranked 11</li> <li>Nagoya, Population of urban area ranked 24</li> </ul><h2>Demographics</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg/100px-Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <ul><li>Population ranked 10 out of 228 countries and territories</li> <li>Population density ranked 37 out of 242 countries and territories</li> <li>The World Factbook 2008 estimates Life expectancy ranked 1 out of 191 countries and territories</li> <li>Total immigrant population rank</li></ul>

International rankings of Japan

The following are international rankings of Japan. Cities Tokyo-Yokohama, Mercer Human Resource Consulting: Most expensive cities 20...

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Bank of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGHvzx7BZmU-Im0mguBXieLxM4ilIxUqwAU1O0Itdob1ozQj9dDA-eaYuAmgs9tdxg_STokEtjIu211kymlyIt9ACZpZ3MWhyqqQazUwZRv2iYoU7p17Ad7zSqHvQj2wdPbUH1Bz9aQ34_/s1600/500px-Bank_of_Japan_logo.svg-718269.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099088151217170226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGHvzx7BZmU-Im0mguBXieLxM4ilIxUqwAU1O0Itdob1ozQj9dDA-eaYuAmgs9tdxg_STokEtjIu211kymlyIt9ACZpZ3MWhyqqQazUwZRv2iYoU7p17Ad7zSqHvQj2wdPbUH1Bz9aQ34_/s320/500px-Bank_of_Japan_logo.svg-718269.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Bank of Japan</b> (日本銀行, <i>Nippon Ginkō</i>, <b>BOJ</b>, JASDAQ: 8301) also known as <b>Nippon Ginko</b>, is the central bank of Japan. The Bank is often called <i>Nichigin</i> (日銀) for short. It has its headquarters in Chuo, Tokyo.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Bank_of_Japan_headquarters_in_Tokyo,_Japan.jpg/800px-Bank_of_Japan_headquarters_in_Tokyo,_Japan.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Like most modern Japanese institutions, the Bank of Japan was founded after the Meiji Restoration. Prior to the Restoration, Japan's feudal fiefs all issued their own money, <i>hansatsu</i>, in an array of incompatible denominations, but the <i>New Currency Act</i> of Meiji 4 (1871) did away with these and established the yen as the new decimal currency, which had parity with the Mexican silver dollar. The former han (fiefs) became prefectures and their mints </p>

Bank of Japan

The Bank of Japan (日本銀行, Nippon Ginkō , BOJ , JASDAQ: 8301) also known as Nippon Ginko , is the central bank of Japan. The Bank is...

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Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifY9Ox2o8ax6lh4-_PrceET30maViMdFu1WwwDMlotSmSGqUrVsIsGnmmEkc3Q8TS8fmSew7F7yVJAWjKoSqh-xgFHFB9MrDYEDteIcGcfY4renvgdJPDj5dPtv4ikgybiMZ20b5F3byLF/s1600/500px-TawaramotoRiceField-716007.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099080403731111714" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifY9Ox2o8ax6lh4-_PrceET30maViMdFu1WwwDMlotSmSGqUrVsIsGnmmEkc3Q8TS8fmSew7F7yVJAWjKoSqh-xgFHFB9MrDYEDteIcGcfY4renvgdJPDj5dPtv4ikgybiMZ20b5F3byLF/s320/500px-TawaramotoRiceField-716007.png"></a></p><p><b>Agriculture, forestry, and fishing</b> form the primary sector of industry of the Japanese economy, together with the Japanese mining industry, but together they account for only 1.3% of gross national product. Only 20% of Japan's land is suitable for cultivation, and the agricultural economy is highly subsidized and protected.</p> <p>Agriculture, forestry, and fishing dominated the Japanese economy until the 1940s, but thereafter declined into relative unimportance (see Agriculture in the Empire of Japan). In the late 19th century (Meiji period), these sectors had accounted for more than 80% of employment. Employment in agriculture declined in the prewar period, but the sector was still the largest employer (about 50% of the work force) by the end of World War II. It was further declined to 23.5% in 1965, 11.9% in 1977, and to 7.2% in 1988. The importance of agriculture in the national economy later continued its rapid decline, with the share of net agricultural production in GN</p>

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing form the primary sector of industry of the Japanese economy, together with the Japanese mining industry,...

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Economy of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraHf-qdkHKgs2xYnJfCRYn1Gr6Z63e6MrRDvS9BFEIg7NDBs08pBS0rgx8B0Y8BHfrk7uFsdcala_TG2Bgxnx2Q_6bwwfNrHQyQs10YOBbpyTWUjjtjDjiqqjIZ6NOO2V-6tkfnz9gM9M/s1600/500px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January-717158.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099072681613994434" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhraHf-qdkHKgs2xYnJfCRYn1Gr6Z63e6MrRDvS9BFEIg7NDBs08pBS0rgx8B0Y8BHfrk7uFsdcala_TG2Bgxnx2Q_6bwwfNrHQyQs10YOBbpyTWUjjtjDjiqqjIZ6NOO2V-6tkfnz9gM9M/s320/500px-Skyscrapers_of_Shinjuku_2009_January-717158.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>economy of Japan</b> is the third largest in the world by nominal GDP, the fourth largest by purchasing power parity and is the world's second largest developed economy. According to the International Monetary Fund, the country's per capita GDP (PPP) was at $36,899 or the 22nd highest in 2013. Japan is a member of Group of Eight. The Japanese economy is forecasted by the Quarterly Tankan survey of business sentiment conducted by the Bank of Japan.</p> <p>Due to a volatile currency exchange rate, Japan's GDP as measured in dollars fluctuates widely. Accounting for these fluctuations through use of the Atlas method, Japan is estimated to have a GNI per capita of $46,140.</p> <p>Japan is the world's third largest automobile manufacturing country, has the largest electronics goods industry, and is often ranked among the world's most innovative countries leading several measures of global patent filings. Facing increasing competition from China and South Korea, manufacturing in J</p>

Economy of Japan

The economy of Japan is the third largest in the world by nominal GDP, the fourth largest by purchasing power parity and is the world'...

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Deputy Prime Minister of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi73YLyZsz9OV5AA1Ver85E_6d_EqsidDOaJnUd0yMxN8n5Z-Rxz63Vq4mLdoinWrcobfJI9DRWZ1Enp8K4Mlk2QqI3FVXZRF7OTGFnrB9P0ETws1gDx9Qw7kzoFGsO1vetXUfoc1sakCwV/s1600/375px-Taro_Aso_in_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_in_Davos_%252528cropped%252529-716267.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099064948770772290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi73YLyZsz9OV5AA1Ver85E_6d_EqsidDOaJnUd0yMxN8n5Z-Rxz63Vq4mLdoinWrcobfJI9DRWZ1Enp8K4Mlk2QqI3FVXZRF7OTGFnrB9P0ETws1gDx9Qw7kzoFGsO1vetXUfoc1sakCwV/s320/375px-Taro_Aso_in_World_Economic_Forum_Annual_Meeting_in_Davos_%252528cropped%252529-716267.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>Deputy Prime Minister of Japan</b> (副総理, <i>Fuku-sōri</i>) is a senior member of the Cabinet of Japan. The office of the Deputy Prime Minister is not a permanent position, existing only at the discretion of the Prime Minister.</p> <p>Deputy prime minister possesses no special powers as such, though they will always have particular responsibilities in government. They do not automatically succeed the Prime Minister, should the latter be incapacitated or resign from the leadership of his or her political party. In practice, however, the designation of someone to the role of Deputy Prime Minister may provide additional practical status within cabinet, enabling the exercise of de facto, if not de jure, power.</p> <p>The current Deputy Prime Minister is Tarō Asō, who took the post on 26 December 2012.</p> <h2>Lists of Deputy Prime Ministers of Japan</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiped

Deputy Prime Minister of Japan

The Deputy Prime Minister of Japan (副総理, Fuku-sōri ) is a senior member of the Cabinet of Japan. The office of the Deputy Prime Mini...

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List of Prime Ministers of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3W_MZRUWNaBYqGs40hBZjDVCMChWE1Y_q-eHJAEf3622VXPfd0WwbmaZX1Vnh4sPvEYZ5HTcU9IluZMhf3XkR7UjiPkxfXFk5RCmDLYolxFUSxcvGDyySRg30-jQC6FCl8KN1GdWyZvn5/s1600/320px-Shinz%2525C5%25258D_Abe_April_2014-716557.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099057215392487778" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3W_MZRUWNaBYqGs40hBZjDVCMChWE1Y_q-eHJAEf3622VXPfd0WwbmaZX1Vnh4sPvEYZ5HTcU9IluZMhf3XkR7UjiPkxfXFk5RCmDLYolxFUSxcvGDyySRg30-jQC6FCl8KN1GdWyZvn5/s320/320px-Shinz%2525C5%25258D_Abe_April_2014-716557.jpg"></a></p><p>This is a list of <b>Prime Ministers of Japan</b>, including those of the Empire of Japan, from when the first Japanese prime minister (in the modern sense), Itō Hirobumi, took office in 1885, until the present day. The office is currently held by Shinzō Abe.</p> <p>Multiple terms in office, consecutive or otherwise, are listed and counted in the first column (<i>administration number</i>) and the second column counts individuals. For example, Fukuda Yasuo, is listed as the 58th individual to hold the office of prime minister, whilst his first cabinet is the 91st since Itō Hirobumi.</p> <p>The Prime Ministers under the Meiji Constitution had a mandate from the Emperor. The "electoral mandates" shown are for the lower house of the Imperial Diet that was not constitutionally guaranteed to have any influence on the appointment of the Prime Minister.</p> <p></p> <h2>Key</h2><br><br> <p><i>Military and non-partisan:</i></p> <ul><li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> <li> </li> </ul><p><</p>

List of Prime Ministers of Japan

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Japan , including those of the Empire of Japan, from when the first Japanese prime minister (in the mod...

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Prime Minister of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRLl6oL3v7arn9z63a3HEJsJVmOAd6rqEHul-Dp-DvZOjFNqR0-bJ03r4obk_iNJvQNthC__rPSXbM4oyebafMKIS-6n56tMnwK-0ldWMp69sYEHJ5FD4GH5hDwbzdTCKOPafmAzo_rifE/s1600/500px-Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Japan.svg-718235.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099049494993585794" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRLl6oL3v7arn9z63a3HEJsJVmOAd6rqEHul-Dp-DvZOjFNqR0-bJ03r4obk_iNJvQNthC__rPSXbM4oyebafMKIS-6n56tMnwK-0ldWMp69sYEHJ5FD4GH5hDwbzdTCKOPafmAzo_rifE/s320/500px-Emblem_of_the_Prime_Minister_of_Japan.svg-718235.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Prime Minister of Japan</b> (内閣総理大臣, <i>Naikaku-sōri-daijin</i>) is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office. He is the head of the Cabinet and appoints and dismisses the Ministers of State; the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is <b>Minister for the Comprehensive Administration of the Cabinet</b> or <b>Minister who Presides over the Cabinet</b>.</p> <p>The office was created in 1885, four years before the enactment of the Meiji Constitution which mentions neither cabinet nor prime minister explicitly. It took its current form with the adoption of the current constitution in 1947.</p> <p>The current Prime Minister is Shinzō Abe, who took office on December 26, 2012. He is the first former Prime Minister to resume the office since 1948.</p> <p></p> <p></p> <h2>Appointmen</h2>

Prime Minister of Japan

The Prime Minister of Japan (内閣総理大臣, Naikaku-sōri-daijin ) is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor ...

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Ministries of Japan

<p>The most influential part of the executive of the Japanese government are the ministries. In postwar politics, the posts of ministers have been given to senior legislators, mostly of the LDP. However, few ministers serve for more than one or two years to develop the necessary grasp of the organisation to become really influential. Thus, most of the power lies within the ministries, with the senior bureaucrats.</p> <p></p> <h2>Ministries</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/College_of_Land,_Infrastructure_and_Transport_Kashiwa_Training_Center.jpg/120px-College_of_Land,_Infrastructure_and_Transport_Kashiwa_Training_Center.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <ul><li>Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications <ul><li>Environmental Dispute Coordination Commission</li> <li>Fire and Disaster Management Agency　</li> </ul></li> <li>Ministry of Justice <ul><li>Public Security Examination Commission</li> </ul></li></ul>

Ministries of Japan

The most influential part of the executive of the Japanese government are the ministries. In postwar politics, the posts of ministers have b...

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Foreign policy of Japan

<p>The primary responsibility for the <b>Japanese foreign policy</b>, as determined by the 1947 constitution, is exercised by the cabinet and subject to the overall supervision of the National Diet. The prime minister is required to make periodic reports on foreign relations to the Diet, whose upper and lower houses each have a foreign affairs committee. Each committee reports on its deliberations to plenary sessions of the chamber to which it belongs. Idlmm committees are formed occasionally to consider special questions. Diet members have the right to raise pertinent policy questionsâ€"officially termed interpellationsâ€"to the minister of foreign affairs and the prime minister. Treaties with foreign countries require ratification by the Diet. As head of state, the emperor performs the ceremonial function of receiving foreign envoys and attesting to foreign treaties ratified by the Diet.</p> <p>Constitutionally the dominant figure in the political system, the prime minister has the f</p>

Foreign policy of Japan

The primary responsibility for the Japanese foreign policy , as determined by the 1947 constitution, is exercised by the cabinet and subject...

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Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan

<p><b>Monetary policy</b> pertains to the regulation, availability, and cost of credit, while <b>fiscal policy</b> deals with government expenditures, taxes, and debt. Through management of these areas, the Ministry of Finance regulated the allocation of resources in the economy, affected the distribution of income and wealth among the citizenry, stabilized the level of economic activities, and promoted economic growth and welfare.</p> <p>The Ministry of Finance played an important role in Japan's postwar economic growth. It advocated a "growth first" approach, with a high proportion of government spending going to capital accumulation, and minimum government spending overall, which kept both taxes and deficit spending down, making more money available for private investment. Most Japanese put money into savings accounts, mostly postal savings.</p> <p></p> <h2>National Budget</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedi

Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan

Monetary policy pertains to the regulation, availability, and cost of credit, while fiscal policy deals with government expenditures, taxe...

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Cabinet of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt54cov0H3f9bz8Ug0GpDFQ8iIS169eWbukz7w-9Na9qA9-rfbHlAc7c98AUdgprd7fFYfe5FmdzOuNe3U1AWv6aoGk4988u2xpOxiIbY_tbJlLLuO7xR92j6uaCRfqZ6yAZWKL_ZvcRUQ/s1600/500px-Go-shichi_no_kiri_crest_2.svg-716104.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099018564258521170" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt54cov0H3f9bz8Ug0GpDFQ8iIS169eWbukz7w-9Na9qA9-rfbHlAc7c98AUdgprd7fFYfe5FmdzOuNe3U1AWv6aoGk4988u2xpOxiIbY_tbJlLLuO7xR92j6uaCRfqZ6yAZWKL_ZvcRUQ/s320/500px-Go-shichi_no_kiri_crest_2.svg-716104.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Cabinet of Japan</b> (内閣, <i>Naikaku</i>) is the executive branch of the government of Japan. It consists of the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the Emperor after being designated by the National Diet, and up to fourteen other members, called Ministers of State. The Prime Minister is designated by the Diet, and the remaining ministers are appointed and dismissed by the Prime Minister. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Diet and must resign if a motion of no confidence is adopted by the House of Representatives.</p> <p>The modern Japanese Cabinet was established in December 1885. It replaced the Dajō-kan that had been reactivated after the Meiji restoration as a modernized variation of the Daijō-kan, the imperial administration since the Nara period. The prime minister and the cabinet were appointed by and responsible to the Emperor. The cabinet system was continued under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan of 1889-1947. During the U.S.-led allied pos</p>

Cabinet of Japan

The Cabinet of Japan (内閣, Naikaku ) is the executive branch of the government of Japan. It consists of the Prime Minister, who is appoi...

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Government of Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8k5L7PGTDeY6tbqatmMcuU_xi39hD4E54tcjdUOumPqMLIWVWieiOvOJBJvABvpDnblMshtLOLbWXxMtTQ2e2oJEUL6wBsicAU5U3leRZC0xT6ryBhInvFng9FT0BvR1m_FH62_o7uWH/s1600/Goshichi_no_kiri_wide_inverted-718914.jpg"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099010840000857890" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEin8k5L7PGTDeY6tbqatmMcuU_xi39hD4E54tcjdUOumPqMLIWVWieiOvOJBJvABvpDnblMshtLOLbWXxMtTQ2e2oJEUL6wBsicAU5U3leRZC0xT6ryBhInvFng9FT0BvR1m_FH62_o7uWH/s320/Goshichi_no_kiri_wide_inverted-718914.jpg"></a></p><p>The <b>government of Japan</b> is a constitutional monarchy whereby the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial duties. Like in many other states, the Government is divided into three branches: the Executive branch, the Legislative branch and the Judicial branch, as defined by the current <i>post-war</i> Constitution of Japan.</p> <p>The Constitution defines the Government to be in a unitary form of a parliamentary system. Local governments are established as an act of devolution, under the Local Autonomy Law. The throne of the Emperor is retained, even though popular sovereignty is adopted. Enacted as a revision to the <i>pre-war</i> Constitution of the Empire of Japan, it enables a democratic type of governance whereby both the legislative and executive branches of the Government are held accountable to each other; a feature known as the Fusion of powers. The powers of the executive branch, which is explicitly vested in the Cabinet, must enjoy the </p>

Government of Japan

The government of Japan is a constitutional monarchy whereby the power of the Emperor is limited and is relegated primarily to ceremonial d...

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Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH_YO-lqP8oNhoDG0knrECOtmE4FeuY04S7Mep4H4gVG6VrVDdGimpdCuluAyAM70vat2dzwj2sWxZE1hcX2ijbpou6jzldT534Lu3xdFubk031lt-01q6R-mtQsHBLkGt_UTsuZRqas8/s1600/500px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg-716618.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6099003098561545554" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTH_YO-lqP8oNhoDG0knrECOtmE4FeuY04S7Mep4H4gVG6VrVDdGimpdCuluAyAM70vat2dzwj2sWxZE1hcX2ijbpou6jzldT534Lu3xdFubk031lt-01q6R-mtQsHBLkGt_UTsuZRqas8/s320/500px-Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg-716618.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force</b> (海上自衛隊, <i>Kaijō Jieitai</i>), or <b>JMSDF</b>, is the naval branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, tasked with the naval defense of Japan. It was formed following the dissolution of the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) after World War II. The JMSDF has a fleet of 124 ships and its main tasks are to maintain control of the nation's sea lanes and to patrol territorial waters. It has also stepped up its participation in UN-led peacekeeping operations (PKOs) and Maritime Interdiction Operations (MIOs).</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gosei1.jpg/97px-Gosei1.jpg" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p><br clear="all"></p> <h3>Origin</h3> <p>Japan has a long history of naval interaction with the Asian continent, involving the transportation of troops, starting at least with the beginning of the Kofun period in the 3rd century. F</p>

Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force

The Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (海上自衛隊, Kaijō Jieitai ), or JMSDF , is the naval branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, ...

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Japan Ground Self-Defense Force

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZnu_DXQeGl0uRcO4zfdxcOrybsfN0ioo_yP1HoPYWZ5kcmAXoI-fMe-Mx5O8EQOgriVMgGPZMuirKH56tiF-nUK61cbf3jDXELhzmS-esWQdj3fesyLiNhxi_iEiPkZDaf1IVcAI0cTe/s1600/500px-Flag_of_JSDF.svg-716228.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6098995367332448482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdZnu_DXQeGl0uRcO4zfdxcOrybsfN0ioo_yP1HoPYWZ5kcmAXoI-fMe-Mx5O8EQOgriVMgGPZMuirKH56tiF-nUK61cbf3jDXELhzmS-esWQdj3fesyLiNhxi_iEiPkZDaf1IVcAI0cTe/s320/500px-Flag_of_JSDF.svg-716228.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Japan Ground Self-Defense Force</b> (<b>JGSDF</b>; Japanese: 陸上自衛隊;, <i>Rikujō Jieitai</i>), is the main branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the <i>de facto</i> army of Japan. The JGSDF was created on July 1, 1954. Up until the end of the Cold War, its primary concern was maintaining internal security in Japan and countering a possible Soviet invasion of Hokkaido. The largest of the three services of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force is tasked with maintaining internal security in Japan and operates under the command of the chief of the ground staff, based in the city of Ichigaya, Tokyo. The present chief of the ground staff is General Eiji Kimizuka (Japanese: 君塚 栄治).</p> <p>The JGSDF numbered around 170,000 soldiers in 2014.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wik

Japan Ground Self-Defense Force

The Japan Ground Self-Defense Force ( JGSDF ; Japanese: 陸上自衛隊;, Rikujō Jieitai ), is the main branch of the Japan Self-Defense F...

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Japan Air Self-Defense Force

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhsJsuyI6KAPyDcQy299i4t-tNax2Rsu9m8lbj1LfWjsFw76-7sJ3NQOFOhfhcdoUMWQNI0j0GXGaFjfxzowdNI1e5wpDu8KxF9LPBYK3tIA5r3zGLUBoYqbYirVflJ2IhQDz2MBBCcLxf/s1600/JASDF_emblem-716096.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6098987634347596962" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhsJsuyI6KAPyDcQy299i4t-tNax2Rsu9m8lbj1LfWjsFw76-7sJ3NQOFOhfhcdoUMWQNI0j0GXGaFjfxzowdNI1e5wpDu8KxF9LPBYK3tIA5r3zGLUBoYqbYirVflJ2IhQDz2MBBCcLxf/s320/JASDF_emblem-716096.png"></a></p><p><br> The <b>Japan Air Self-Defense Force</b> (航空自衛隊, <i>Kōkū Jieitai</i>), or <b>JASDF</b>, is the aviation branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces responsible for the defense of Japanese airspace and other aerospace operations. The JASDF carries out combat air patrols around Japan, while also maintaining an extensive network of ground and air early warning radar systems. The branch also has an aerobatic team known as Blue Impulse and has recently been involved in providing air transport in several UN peacekeeping missions.</p> <p>The JASDF had an estimated 45,000 personnel in 2005, and as of 2013 operates 769 aircraft, of which approximately 350 are fighter aircraft.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force_roundel.svg/600px-Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force_roundel.svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Before forming the Japanese Self-Defe</p>

Japan Air Self-Defense Force

The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (航空自衛隊, Kōkū Jieitai ), or JASDF , is the aviation branch of the Japan Self-Defense Forces r...

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Japan Self-Defense Forces

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfVfncb97oiAd6dxH2rqjJl9vvsVrXLKCXjsWKERBDdqiIxuMgBwhrtAx9a1uATG3HpOCano9qNh-nYFBb43cMc_Zn5BJjLnvZagIAwaUuJI2OiaEkRtUN34LGyEYMU7ayZ9UoilLa14nY/s1600/500px-Flag_of_JSDF.svg-717227.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6098979910517308146" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfVfncb97oiAd6dxH2rqjJl9vvsVrXLKCXjsWKERBDdqiIxuMgBwhrtAx9a1uATG3HpOCano9qNh-nYFBb43cMc_Zn5BJjLnvZagIAwaUuJI2OiaEkRtUN34LGyEYMU7ayZ9UoilLa14nY/s320/500px-Flag_of_JSDF.svg-717227.png"></a></p><p>The <b>Japan Self-Defense Forces</b> (自衛隊, <i>Jieitai</i>), or <b>JSDF</b>, occasionally referred to as <b>JSF</b> or <b>SDF</b>, are the unified military forces of Japan that were established after the end of the postâ€"World War II Allied occupation of Japan. In recent years they have been engaged in international peacekeeping operations. Recent tensions, particularly with North Korea, have reignited the debate over the status of the JSDF and its relation to Japanese society. New military guidelines, announced in December 2010, will direct the <i>Jieitai</i> away from its Cold War focus on the Soviet Union to a focus on China, especially regarding the dispute over the Senkaku Islands.</p> <p></p> <h2>History</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Japanese_Map_symbol_(the_Self-Defense_Forces).svg/250px-Japanese_Map_symbol_(the_Self-Defense_Forces).svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Imper</p>

Japan Self-Defense Forces

The Japan Self-Defense Forces (自衛隊, Jieitai ), or JSDF , occasionally referred to as JSF or SDF , are the unified military forces of...

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List of political parties in Japan

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsjhF4zYsm-trpAawXGxJr4IekxmU5iHqQgzahAC0Neuvqx81xPNphs-p95JzpncN4L7JJmtQ63hCO_xF66LBiw10nZp-DNEtFnhhRVh-NH6g4uqOO8WV-W1LykEjg6UX4t64mjTB24hJe/s1600/500px-Japanese_General_election%25252C_2012_en.svg-716719.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6098972176633124578" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsjhF4zYsm-trpAawXGxJr4IekxmU5iHqQgzahAC0Neuvqx81xPNphs-p95JzpncN4L7JJmtQ63hCO_xF66LBiw10nZp-DNEtFnhhRVh-NH6g4uqOO8WV-W1LykEjg6UX4t64mjTB24hJe/s320/500px-Japanese_General_election%25252C_2012_en.svg-716719.png"></a></p><p>This article lists <b>political parties in Japan</b>.</p> <p></p> <h2>Major parties</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Sanshokuki2.svg/120px-Sanshokuki2.svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <h2>Other parties currently represented in the national Diet</h2><br><img src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Japanese_General_election,_2012_en.svg/600px-Japanese_General_election,_2012_en.svg.png" style="width:400px;display:block;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"><br> <p>Legal status as political party (<i>seitō</i>) is tied to having five members in the Diet or at least two percent nationally of either proportional or local vote in the last Representatives or one of the last two Councillors elections. Political parties receive public party funding (Â¥ 250 per citizen, about Â¥ 32 bill. in total per fiscal year, distributed according to recent national elections results â€" las</p>

List of political parties in Japan

This article lists political parties in Japan . Major parties Other parties currently represented in the national Diet Legal status ...

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House of Representatives (Japan)

<p class="mobile-photo"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF1S-SGLuh30Zl_agJveRtegf86W_PwcyABqx8kVx2kouI4e0meb9jS4zoj0cRMF_cH3mNYa1uWxBRj9bSnbNc3TnF01IvT1e4ansqpo_hCDRsogXrCMFINvISmXpWa-yfOIKr0Vd8Vd9-/s1600/500px-House_of_Representatives_Japan_2014.svg-717559.png"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_6098964448642825122" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF1S-SGLuh30Zl_agJveRtegf86W_PwcyABqx8kVx2kouI4e0meb9jS4zoj0cRMF_cH3mNYa1uWxBRj9bSnbNc3TnF01IvT1e4ansqpo_hCDRsogXrCMFINvISmXpWa-yfOIKr0Vd8Vd9-/s320/500px-House_of_Representatives_Japan_2014.svg-717559.png"></a></p><p></p> <p>The <b>House of Representatives</b> (衆議院, <i>Shūgiin</i>) is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors is the upper house.</p> <p>The House of Representatives has 480 members, elected for a four-year term. Of these, 180 members are elected from 11 multi-member constituencies by a party-list system of proportional representation, and 300 are elected from single-member constituencies. 241 seats are required for majority.</p> <p>The overall voting system used to elect the House of Representatives is a parallel system, a form of Semi-proportional representation. Under a parallel system the allocation of list seats does not take into account the outcome in the single seat constituencies. Therefore the overall allocation of seats in the House of Representatives is not proportional, to the advantage of larger parties. In contrast, in bodies such as the German <i>Bundestag</i> the election of single-seat members and party list members is linked, </p>

House of Representatives (Japan)

The House of Representatives (衆議院, Shūgiin ) is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors is the upp...

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