Intercompany crossover

In comic books, an intercompany crossover (also called cross-company or company crossover) is a comic or series of comics where characters that are the property of one company meet those owned by another (for example, DC Comics' Superman meeting Marvel's Spider-Man, DC's Batman meeting Marvel's Wolverine. These usually occur in special "one-shot" issues or a miniseries.

Some crossovers are part of canonâ€"for example, JLA/Avengers, which has been made canon in the DC Universe â€" but most are outside of the continuity of a character's regular title or series of stories. They can be a joke or gag, a dream sequence, or even a "what if" scenario (such as DC's Elseworlds).

Marvel/DC crossovers (which are mostly non-canon) include those where the characters live in alternate universes, as well as those where they share the "same" version of Earth. Some fans have posited a separate "Crossover Earth" for these adventures. In the earliest licensed crossovers, the companies seemed to prefer shared world adventures. They took this approach to the first intercompany superhero crossover, 1976's Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man, and followed the same format in 1981 with Superman and Spider-Man.

Besides the two Superman/Spider-Man crossovers, a number of other DC/Marvel adventures took place on a "Crossover Earth", but later intercompany crossovers tended to present the DC and Marvel Universes as alternate realities, bridged when common foes made this desirable. (The interest in overall continuity has become a major part of even crossover comic books.)

Characters are often licensed or sold from one company to another, as with DC acquiring such characters of Fawcett Comics, Quality Comics, and Charlton Comics as the original Captain Marvel, Plastic Man and Captain Atom. In this way, heroes originally published by different companies can become part of the same fictional universe, and interactions between such characters are no longer considered intercompany crossovers.

Although a meeting between a licensed character and a wholly owned character (e.g., between Red Sonja and Spider-Man, or Ash Williams and the Marvel Zombies) is technically an intercompany crossover, comics companies rarely bill them as such. Likewise is the case when some characters in an ongoing series are owned or to some extent controlled by their creators, as with Doctor Who antagonists the Daleks, which are not owned by the UK television network the BBC although the character of The Doctor is.

Published crossovers

Golden and Silver Ages

• All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940/1941)

The Justice Society of America was created in this issue, combining National Comics' Doctor Fate, Hour-Man (as it was then spelled), the Spectre, and the Sandman, and All-American Publications' the Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern, and Hawkman. National and All-American, separate editorial imprints, shared the unofficial "DC" label due to joint publishing and distribution.

Unofficial

• Lois Lane and Captain Marvel

"The Monkey's Paw", a story from Superman's Girl Friend, Lois Lane #42 (July 1963), featured a one-panel appearance, with his costume mis-colored, by the defunct Fawcett Comics' Captain Marvel, who was not yet a DC character. The letters page of #113 (Oct. 1971) described it as "strictly a private joke" on the part of former Captain Marvel artist Kurt Schaffenberger. The story was reprinted in #104 (Oct. 1970) with the costume coloring corrected.

• Homages

Writers during the 1960s and early 1970s sometimes engaged in a form of intercompany crossover with thinly disguised imitations of a competing company's characters, as opposed to parodies in satirical-humor stories. In this way, Marvel's superhero team the Avengers met a version of DC's Justice League of America (Squadron Sinister/Squadron Supreme) in The Avengers #70, 85-86, and 147-48. In Action Comics #351-53 (1967) DC's Superman met a villain called Zha-Vam, whose powers and name were derivative of Captain Marvel (then owned by Fawcett Comics) and of the magic word Shazam that gave Captain Marvel his powers. Superman similarly met versions of Marvel's Fantastic Four, Spider-Man and Sub-Mariner (The Kookie Quartet, Cobweb Kid, and Sub-Moron) in The Inferior Five #10 (Oct. 1968).

In the 1970s, the annual Rutland Halloween Parade in Rutland, Vermont was used as the setting of a number of superhero comic books published by both Marvel and DC Comics. Costumed parade attendees in these books were often depicted wearing the uniforms of characters from the other company. In the fall of 1972, writers Len Wein, Gerry Conway and Steve Englehart crafted a metafictional unofficial intercompany crossover spanning titles from both major comics companies. Each comic featured Englehart, Conway, and Wein, as well as Wein's first wife Glynis, interacting with Marvel or DC characters at the Rutland Halloween Parade. Beginning in Amazing Adventures #16 (by Englehart with art by Bob Brown and Frank McLaughlin), the story continued in Justice League of America #103 (by Wein, Dillin and Dick Giordano), and concluded in Thor #207 (by Conway and penciler John Buscema). As Englehart explained in 2010, "It certainly seemed like a radical concept and we knew that we had to be subtle (laughs) and each story had to stand on its own, but we really worked it out. It's really worthwhile to read those stories back to back to back â€" it didn't matter to us that one was at DC and two were at Marvel â€" I think it was us being creative, thinking what would be really cool to do." Other issues featuring the parade include Batman #237, DC Super Stars #18, Freedom Fighters #6, The Avengers # 83 and #119, and Marvel Feature # 2.

1975â€"1982

• The co-publication of the comic adaptation of MGM's The Wizard of Oz by Marvel and DC made possible future intercompany cross-overs between the two comic book giants.
• Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man (1976)

The first official intercompany crossover of recent decades. The villains are Doctor Octopus and Lex Luthor.

• Marvel Treasury Edition #28: Superman and Spider-Man (1981)

Superman and Spider-Man battle the Parasite and Dr. Doom, with the Hulk and Wonder Woman guest-starring

• DC Special Series #27 (Fall 1981)

Batman vs. The Incredible Hulk

• Marvel and DC Present The Uncanny X-Men and The New Teen Titans #1 (1982)

The two hottest-selling teams from each company battle Darkseid, Deathstroke the Terminator, and Dark Phoenix.

• DC Comics Presents #47 (July 1982)

Superman and the Masters of the Universe

Unofficial

• Mantis and the Justice League

In DC Comics' Justice League of America #142 (May 1977), writer Steve Englehart re-introduced Mantis, a character he had created in Marvel Comics' Avengers, picking up the plot threads from her last appearance there and renaming her Willow.

• X-Men and the Legion of Super-Heroes

In X-Men #107 (Oct. 1977), writer Chris Claremont and artist Dave Cockrum introduced the Imperial Guard, characters modeled after Cockrum's previous assignment, DC's Legion of Super-Heroes. Members included heroes with the powers of, and similar costumes to, the Legionnaires Lightning Lad, Saturn Girl, Timber Wolf, Wildfire, Brainiac 5, Chameleon Boy, Star Boy and Shadow Lass.

1985â€"1989

• The P.I.'s three issue miniseries

Ms. Tree, E-Man's Michael Mauser

• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #8

With Cerebus

• Miami Mice #4

With Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles and Cerebus

• Cerebus #104

With Flaming Carrot

• Flaming Carrot #25

With Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

• Usagi Yojimbo #10

With Leonardo of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

• Mr. Monster #9

With Wolff and Byrd, Counsellors of the Macabre

• Word Warriors one-shot

With Jon Sable, Ms. Tree, Street Wolf

• Gwanzulums

a race of aliens appearing various Marvel UK comics, including Doctor Who Magazine, The Real Ghostbusters, and Thundercats, and in the Combat Colin strip published as part of Transformers.

1990

• Ape Nation #1-4 Planet of the Apes and Alien Nation
• Last of the Viking Heroes Summer Special #2

With the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.

• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Meet Archie

1991

• Batman/Judge Dredd: Judgment on Gotham
• Batman versus Predator
• Hellraiser/Nightbreed - Jihad

1992

• Predator vs. Magnus, Robot Fighter #1-2
• Spawn #10

With Cerebus

1993

• Ninja High School/Speed Racer #1-2
• Speed Racer/Ninja High School #1-2
• Batman/Grendel #1-2
• Savage Dragon #2

With Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

• Savage Dragon/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
• Deathmate (Valiant Comics/Image Comics crossover)

Deathmate: Preview, Deathmate: Prologue, Deathmate: Red, Deathmate: Blue, Deathmate: Black, Deathmate: Yellow, Deathmate: Epilogue

• Magnus, Robot Fighter/Nexus #1-2
• Batman/Judge Dredd: Vendetta in Gotham
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles/Flaming Carrot: The Land of Green Fire #1-4
• Pinhead vs. Marshal Law: Law in Hell #1-2
• Godzilla vs. Barkley
• Usagi Yojimbo (vol. 2) #1-3

With Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles

1994

• Batman/Spawn: War Devil
• Spawn/Batman
• Batman/Punisher: Lake of Fire
• The Punisher Meets Archie (Aug. 1994; Marvel Comics)
• Archie Meets the Punisher (Aug. 1994; Archie Comics)
• Worlds Collide (DC/Milestone crossover)

Superman: The Man of Steel #35-36, Hardware #17-18, Superboy #6-7, Icon #15-16, Steel #6-7, Blood Syndicate #16-17, Worlds Collide #1, Static #14

• Razor and Shi Special #1
• Punisher/Batman: Deadly Knights
• Batman vs. Predator II: Bloodmatch #1-4
• Razor/Dark Angel: The Final Nail #1-2

1995

• Superman vs. The Amazing Spider-Man (reprint from 1976)
• Batman vs. The Incredible Hulk (reprint from 1981)
• Vampirella/Shadowhawk: Creatures of the Night
• Shadowhawk/Vampirella: Creatures of the Night
• Superman vs. Aliens #1-3
• Batman/Judge Dredd: The Ultimate Riddle
• Darkseid vs. Galactus: The Hunger
• Cyblade/Shi: The Battle for Independents
• Shi/Cyblade: The Battle for Independents
• Spider-Man and Batman: Disordered Minds
• Hellina/Catfight
• Ultraverse Spine: Marvel/Malibu crossover
  • Godwheel #3 (features Thor)
  • Rune/Silver Surfer and Silver Surfer/Rune
  • Lord Pumpkin #1-4 (features Loki)
  • Hardcase #23 (features Loki)
  • Ultraforce #8-10 (features Black Knight and Sersi)
  • Curse of Rune #1-4 (features Warlock and the Infinity Gems)
  • Mantra #22 (features Loki)
  • Eliminator #3 (features Sersi)
  • Nightman #22 (features Loki)
  • Ultraforce/Avengers Prelude #1
• Avengers/Ultraforce
• Ultraforce/Avengers
• Prime vs. The Incredible Hulk #0
• Nightman vs. Wolverine #0
• The All-New Exiles vs. X-Men #0
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles/Savage Dragon
• Savage Dragon #22 (features Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
• Cyberforce #26-28 (features Ash)
• Glory/Avengelyne
• Avengelyne/Glory
• Ghost/The Shadow
• Judge Dredd vs. Lobo: Psycho-Bikers vs. The Mutants From Hell
• Green Lantern/Silver Surfer: Unholy Alliances
• Hunting The Heroes: Dark Horse Heroes / Predator crossover
  • X #18
  • Ghost #5
  • Motorhead #1
  • Agents of Law #6

1996

• Superman And Spider-Man (reprint from 1981)
• The Uncanny X-Men And The New Teen Titans (reprint from 1982)
• Double Impact/Hellina
• Hellina/Double Impact
• Black September: Marvel/Malibu crossover
  • Black September #Infinity
  • Prime #Infinity, 1-15
  • Nightman #Infinity, 1-4
  • Siren #Infinity, 1-3
  • Mantra #Infinity, 1-7
  • The All-New Exiles #Infinity, 1-11
  • Rune #Infinity, 1-7
  • Ultraforce #Infinity, 1-15
• Conan #4 (features Rune)
• Conan vs. Rune
• Conan the Savage #4 (features Rune)
• Siren Special #1 (features the Juggernaut)
• Ultraforce/Spider-Man #1A, 1B (featured separate stories)
• Prime/Captain America
• Rune vs. Venom
• Nightman/Gambit #1-3
• The Phoenix Resurrection: Red Shift #0
• The Phoenix Resurrection: Genesis #0
• The Phoenix Resurrection: Revelations #0
• The Phoenix Resurrection: Aftermath #0
• Foxfire #1-2 (features Black Knight)
• Foxfire #3-4 (features The Punisher)
• Ultraverse Unlimited #1-2 (features Black Knight, Sersi, Warlock)
• Marvel/Malibu: Dream Team #1 (pin-ups)
• Marvel/Malibu: Dream Team #2: Battezones (pin-ups)
• DC vs. Marvel / Marvel vs. DC #1-4
• The Amalgam Age of Comics
  • Legends of the Dark Claw (Wolverine + Batman)
  • Super-Soldier (Superman + Captain America)
  • Amazon (Storm + Wonder Woman)
  • JLX (JLA + X-Men)
  • Assassins (Catwoman + Elektra and Deathstroke + Daredevil)
  • Doctor StrangeFate (Doctor Strange + Doctor Fate + Professor Xavier)
  • Spider-Boy (Spider-Man + Superboy)
  • Bruce Wayne: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (Batman + Nick Fury)
  • Speed Demon (Flash + Ghost Rider + The Demon)
  • Bullets and Bracelets (Punisher + Wonder Woman)
  • Magneto and the Magnetic Men (Magneto + Metal Men)
  • X-Patrol (X-Force + Doom Patrol)
• Grifter/Shi: Final Rites #1-2
• Avengelyne/Prophet #1-2
• Painkiller Jane vs. The Darkness
• Warrior Nun Areala vs. Razor
• Razor/Warrior Nun Areala
• Creed/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
• Nira X/Cynder: Endangered Species
• Double Impact/Lethal Strike: Double Stryke
• Lethal Strike/Double Impact: Lethal Impact
• Badrock/Wolverine
• Atomik Angels #1 (guest stars Freefall from Gen¹³
• X-O Manowar/Iron Man in Heavy Metal
• Iron Man/X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal
• Batman/Grendel II #1-2
• Savage Dragon #34-35 (features Hellboy)
• Nira X/Hellina: Heaven & Hell
• Hellina/Nira X: Angels of Death
• Backlash/Spider-Man #1-2
• Gen¹³/The Maxx
• Grifter and the Mask #1-2
• Youngblood/X-Force
• Deathblow and Wolverine #1-2
• Tomoe/Witchblade: Fire Sermon
• Prophet/Cable #1-2
• Gen¹³ #13A, 13B, 13C (features, Archie, Bone, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Savage Dragon, Spawn, Madman, The Maxx, Hellboy, Monkeyman and O'Brien, Shi, Strangers in Paradise, Wolverine)
• DC/Marvel: All Access #1-4
• Avengelyne/Warrior Nun Areala
• Silver Surfer/Superman
• Team X/Team 7
• Angela/Glory: Rage of Angels
• Youngblood (vol. 2) #6 (features Angela)
• Team Youngblood #21 (features Angela)
• Glory #10 (features Angela)
• Maximage #4 (features Angela)
• Glory/Angela: Hell’s Angels
• Warrior Nun Areala/Avengelyne
• Batman and Captain America
• Devil’s Reign: Marvel/Top Cow crossover
  • Devil’s Reign #½: Silver Surfer/Witchblade
  • Weapon Zero/Silver Surfer
  • Cyblade/Ghost Rider
  • Ghost Rider/Ballistic
  • Ballistic/Wolverine
  • Wolverine/Witchblade
  • Witchblade/Elektra
  • Elektra/Cyblade
  • Silver Surfer/Weapon Zero
  • Cyberforce (1993) #30
  • Weapon Zero (1996) #10
• X-Force/Youngblood
• Youngblood (vol. 2) #10 (features a cameo by Mojo)
• Mars Attacks!/Savage Dragon #1-4
• Daredevil/Shi: Blind Faith
• Shi/Daredevil: Honor Thy Mother
• Spider-Man/Gen¹³
• Mars Attacks the Image Universe #1-4
• Spider-Man Team-Up #5 (features Savage Dragon and Destroyer Duck)
• Savage Dragon/Destroyer Duck (features Spider-Man and Howard the Duck)
• Lobo/The Mask #1-2
• Catwoman/Vampirella: The Furies
• Tarzan vs. Predator at the Earth's Core
• Star Trek/X-Men

1997

• DC/Marvel: All Access #1-4
• The Incredible Hulk/Pitt
• Gen¹³/Generation X
• Daredevil/Batman: Eye for an Eye
• Shi/Vampirella
• Vampirella/Shi
• Catwoman/Vampirella - The Furies
• Spider-Man/Badrock #1-2
• WildC.A.T.s/X-Men
  • WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Golden Age #1
  • WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Silver Age #1
  • WildC.A.T.s/X-Men: The Modern Age #1
  • X-Men/WildC.A.T.s: The Dark Age #1
• JLA/WildC.A.T.s
• Amalgam: Wave 2
  • The Dark Claw Adventures (Batman + Wolverine)
  • Super-Soldier: Man of War (Superman + Captain America)
  • JLX Unleashed (JLA + X-Men)
  • Generation Hex (Jonah Hex + Generation X)
  • Bat-Thing (Man-Bat + Man-Thing)
  • Lobo the Duck (Lobo + Howard the Duck)
  • Spider-Boy Team-Up (Spider-Man + Superboy)
  • The Exciting X-Patrol (X-Force + Doom Patrol)
  • Magnetic Men featuring Magneto (Magneto + Metal Men)
  • Iron Lantern (Iron Man + Green Lantern)
  • Thorion of the New Asgods (Thor + Orion and the New Gods)
  • Challengers of the Fantastic (Fantastic Four + Challengers of the Unknown)
• Azrael/Ash
• Batman/Aliens #1-2
• Vampirella Crossover Gallery #1 (pin-ups featuring Savage Dragon, Madman, Painkiller Jane, Hellshock, and more)
• Avengelyne/Warrior Nun Areala II: The Nazarene Affair
• Savage Dragon/Marshal Law #1-2
• The Superman/Madman Hullabaloo! #1-3
• Cyberfrog vs. Creed
• Hellina/Cynder
• Cynder/Hellina
• Wetworks/Vampirella
• Vampirella/Wetworks
• Batman/Spider-Man
• World War 3: Marvel/Wildstorm crossover
  • Fantastic Four (vol. 2) #13
  • Avengers (vol. 2) #13
  • Iron Man (vol. 2) #13
  • Captain America (vol. 2) #13
• Warrior Nun Areala/Glory
• Gladiator/Supreme
• Unlimited Access #1-4
• Batman vs. Predator III: Blood Ties #1-4
• Predator vs. Judge Dredd #1-3
• Generation X/Gen¹³

1998

• The Crow/Razor: Kill the Pain #0-4
• Vampirella vs. Painkiller Jane
• Tomb Raider/Witchblade (created before the Tomb Raider comic started)
• Vampirella #7-9 (features Shi)
• Gen¹³/Monkeyman & O’Brien #1-2
• WildC.A.T.s/Aliens, also included Stormwatch
• Painkiller Jane/Hellboy
• Weasel Guy/Witchblade
• Painkiller Jane/Darkchylde
• Sonic Super Special #7 (features Savage Dragon, Spawn, the Maxx, Shadowhawk)
• The Mask/Marshal Law #1-2
• Batman/Judge Dredd: Die Laughing #1-2
• Batman/Hellboy/Starman #1-2
• Star Trek: The Next Generation/X-Men

1999

• Witchblade/Tomb Raider
• Witchblade/Tomb Raider #½
• Vampirella/Lady Death: Dark Hearts
• Lady Death vs. Vampirella
• Superman/Fantastic Four: The Infinite Destruction
• The Darkness/Batman
• The Incredible Hulk vs. Superman
• Witchblade/Darkchylde
• Warrior Nun Areala/Razor II: Revenge
• Razor/Warrior Nun Areala: Dark Prophecy #1-4
• Razor/Warrior Nun Areala/Poizon
• Wild Times: Gen¹³ #1 (features the Teen Titans)
• Wild Times: DV8 #1 (features Sgt. Rock and the Easy Company)
• Wild Times: Deathblow #1 (features Jonah Hex)
• Wild Times: Wetworks #1 (features Superman)
• Lady Pendragon/More Than Mortal
• More Than Mortal/Lady Pendragon
• Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-Woman #1-4
• Superman/Savage Dragon: Metropolis
• Superman vs. The Terminator: Death to the Future #1-4

2000

• Batman/Daredevil: King of New York
• Vampirella #23-26 (features Lady Death)
• Purgatori vs. Vampirella
• Aria/Angela: Heavenly Creatures #1-2
• Dark Minds/Witchblade
• Lady Death vs. Vampirella II
• Superman/Gen¹³ #1-3
• Joker/The Mask #1-4
• Superman vs. Predator #1-3
• Wolverine/Shi: Dark Night of Judgment
• Ghost/Batgirl #1-4
• Green Lantern Versus Aliens #1-4
• Punisher/Painkiller Jane
• JLA/Witchblade
• Aliens vs. Predator vs. The Terminator #1-4
• Aliens/Witchblade/Darkness/Predator: Overkill #1-2
• Aliens/Witchblade/Darkness/Predator: Mindhunter #1-3

2001

• JLA vs. Predator
• Gen¹³/Fantastic Four
• Savage Dragon #83-85 (features Madman and the Atomics)
• Oni Press Color Special 2001 (features Powers and Madman)
• Lady Death vs. Medieval Witchblade
• Witchblade/Lady Death
• Avengelyne/Shi: Tenshi
• Avengelyne/Shi #½
• Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle #1-3

2002

• Spyboy/Young Justice #1-3
• Batman/Deathblow: After the Fire #1-3
• Superman/Savage Dragon: Chicago
• Superman/Aliens II: Godwar #1-4
• Planetary/JLA: Terra Occulta
• Batman/Aliens II #1-3
• Hellspawn #8 (features Mike Moran, the alter ego of Miracleman)

2003

• Planetary/Batman: Night on Earth
• Battle of the Planets/Witchblade
• Judge Dredd vs. Aliens: "Incubus" #1-4
• Thundercats/Battle of the Planets
• Battle of the Planets/ThunderCats
• Frankenstein Mobster and Vampirella (featured as an online comic strip)
• G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers #1-6
• The Magdalena/Vampirella
• Vampirella/Witchblade
• JLA/Avengers #1-4
• Superman/ThunderCats
• The Authority/Lobo Holiday Special
• Transformers/G.I. Joe #1-6

2004

• Witchblade/The Magdalena/Vampirella
• Action Comics #811 (features Mr. Majestic)
• Adventures of Superman #624 (features Mr. Majestic)
• Superman #201 (features Mr. Majestic)
• Witchblade/Wolverine
• The Darkness/Hulk
• Witchblade/Dark Minds: The Return of Paradox
• Majestic (mini-series) #1-4 (puts Majestic in the DC Universe)
• G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers II #1-4
• The Magdalena/Vampirella II
• Transformers/G.I. Joe II #1-6 (cancelled after first issue when Dreamwave went bankrupt)
• Batman/Danger Girl
• Dead@17/Misplaced: Misplaced@17
• Sword of Dracula/Vampirella (Vampirella Magazine #8)
• Vampirella/Witchblade II: Union of the Damned

2005

• The Darkness/Superman #1-2
• Majestic #1 (features Superman and the Eradicator)
• Fallen Angel #19-20 (features Sachs and Violens)
• The Simpsons/Futurama Crossover Crisis II #1-2
• HACK/slash: The Final Revenge of Evil Ernie
• The Darkness/Vampirella
• Monster War: Top Cow/Dynamite Entertainment crossover
  • The Magdalena vs. Dracula
  • Tomb Raider vs. the Wolf Men
  • Witchblade vs. Frankenstein
  • The Darkness vs. Mr. Hyde
• The Authority/Lobo Spring Break Massacre
• JLA/Cyberforce
• Marvel Team-Up #14 (features Spider-Man and Invincible)
• Captain Atom: Armageddon #1-9 (puts Captain Atom in the Wildstorm Universe)
• Army of Darkness vs. Re-Animator #1-4
• Vampirella/Witchblade III: The Feast
• Witchblade: Blood Oath #1 (features Phenix and Sibilla)

2006

• Red Sonja/Claw the Unconquered: Devil's Hands #1-4
• G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers: The Art of War #1-6
• Darkman vs. Army of Darkness
• Darkness/Wolverine

2007

• Cyberforce/X-Men
• Superman & Batman vs. Aliens & Predator
• Marvel Zombies vs. The Army of Darkness
• New Avengers/Transformers
• Spider-Man/Red Sonja
• Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash
• Witchblade/Punisher
• Batman/The Spirit
• HACK/slash vs Chucky
• Witchblade - Shades of Gray
• Unholy Union: Darkness/Witchblade Dr. Strange/Ghost Rider/Hulk crossover
• Painkiller Jane vs. The Terminator

2008

• Army Of Darkness/Xena - Why Not?
• The Darkness vs Eva
• Devi/Witchblade
• DC/Wildstorm: Dreamwar
• Magdalena/Daredevil
• Star Wars: Visions of the Blade (Star Wars/Soul Calibur Crossover)
• Xena/Army Of Darkness - What...Again?!

2009

• Fusion (Cyberforce/Hunter-Killer/Avengers/Thunderbolts)
• Freddy vs. Jason vs. Ash 2: Nightmare Warriors
• Dethklok vs. The Goon
• The Living Corpse Annual #1 (The Living Corpse vs. Hack/Slash)
• Batman/Doc Savage Special #1.
• Hack/Slash with Nessie from Boneyard and Callie Liddle from Xenoscope's Escape from Wonderland.

2010

• The Phantom/Captain Action (Moonstone Books)
• Eminem/The Punisher
• First Wave
• The Darkness/Darkchylde - Kingdom Of Pain
• The X-Files/30 Days of Night
• Avengelyne vs. Koni Waves
• Tiny Titans/Little Archie
• Beasts of Burden/Hellboy
• JLA/The 99
• Curse of the Cortes Stone {A War of the Independents tie-in book}. (Shadowflame, The Wraith, and Johnny Saturn).

2011

• Infestation = CVO: Covert Vampiric Operations + Transformers, G.I. Joe, The Real Ghostbusters, Star Trek vs Zombies. IDW Publishing.
• Danger Girl and the Army of Darkness
• The Lone Ranger - The Death of Zorro
• Captain Action Winter Special = Captain Action and The Green Hornet crossover. (Moonstone Books).
• Star Trek/Legion of Super-Heroes

2012

• Honey West, Captain Action, Our Man Flint. (Moonstone Books)
• Star Trek: The Next Generation/Doctor Who: Assimilation² (IDW Publishing)
• Infestation 2 = CVO: Covert Vampiric Operations + Transformers: Reign of Steel, G.I. Joe, Teenaged Mutant Ninja Turtles, 30 Days of Night & Dungeons and Dragons vs Great Old Ones. IDW Publishing.
• The Tick#100 with Invincible. New England Press.
• War of the Independents (features The Tick, Captain Canuck, Cerebus, El Gato Negro, Captain Action, Badger, The Flaming Carrot, Madman, Bone, Gumby, The Maxx, Mr. Monster, Zippy the Pinhead, Megaton Man, Bomb Queen, E-Man, The Pro, Shadowflame, Milk & Cheese, El Valiente, Liberty Girl, Bat Lady, Hero By Night, Battle Suit Kaiju, Johnny Raygun, Captain Africa, Johnny Saturn, Crusader, Fist of Justice, Ant, Mercy Sparx, Toy Boy, Too Much Coffee Man, Flavor Flav, Shadowhawk, Zot, Shi, Queen Rockadora, Buzz Boy, Sonambulo, and many, many more).
• Thought Bubble Anthology #2. Strontium Dog and Elephantmen crossover. (Image Comics)
• Masks. Features The Shadow, Zorro, The Green Hornet & Kato, The Spider, The Black Terror, The Black Bat, Miss Fury, and The Green Lama. (Dynamite Entertainment).
• Danger Girl/G.I. Joe

2013

• The Rocketeer and The Spirit
• Army of Darkness vs Hack/Slash
• Robotech Voltron
• DC Universe vs. Masters of the Universe
• Tarzan/John Carter: Lords of Mars
• Noir
• Mars Attacks Judge Dredd

2014

• Batman '66/Green Hornet
• Legenderry: A Steampunk Adventure - crossover between steam punk versions of The Phantom, Vampirella, Captain Victory, The Six Million Dollar Man, The Green Hornet and Kato, Flash Gordon, Silver Star, and Red Sonja
• Grendel vs. The Shadow
• Django/Zorro
• Attack on Avengers - Marvel's Avengers and Attack on Titan
• Star Trek/Planet of the Apes: The Primate Directive
• The X-Files: Conspiracy (features Transformers, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, The Crow and Ghostbusters)

2015

• Conan/Red Sonja - Dark Horse and Dynamite reunite Conan and Red Sonja
• Archie vs. Predator - 4 issue ministries crosses over Archie and the Predator from the Alien vs. Predator franchise
• Nailbiter/Hack/Slash - Image Comics crossover between Nailbiter and Hack/Slash

• Star Trek/Green Lantern- IDW And DC Comics crossover the Star Trek Crew and the Green Lantern Corps.
• Vampirella/Aliens - Limited Series published by Dark Horse Comics and Dynamite Entertainment that pits Vampirella against Xenomorphs from the Alien Franchise.

Miscellaneous crossovers

• ALF Annual #1 (features The High Evolutionary)
• Conan the Barbarian #14-15 (features Elric)
• What if (first series) #13 (features Conan)
• What if (first series) #39 (features Conan and Thor)
• What if (first series) #43 (features Conan and Captain America)
• What if (second series) #16 (features Conan, Red Sonja, and The X-Men)
• Marvel Team-Up #79 (features Spider-Man and Red Sonja)
• Marvel Team-Up #112 (features Spider-Man and King Kull)
• Marvel Two-in-One #21 (features The Thing and Doc Savage)
• Giant-Size Spider-Man #3 (features Spider-Man and Doc Savage)
• Wonder Woman #202 (features Fafhrd and the Gray Mouser)
• Action Comics #579 (features Asterix)
• Teen Titans Spotlight #11 (features Tintin and Snowy)
• Batman #253 (features The Shadow)
• Batman #259 (features The Shadow)
• Jack Kirby's TeenAgents #3 (features The Liberty Project)
• Satan's Six #4 (features Jason)
• Jason vs. Leatherface #1-3
• Kiss Nation #1 (features the X-Men)
• Star Trek: Deep Space Nine/Star Trek: The Next Generation #1-4 (crossover between DC Comics and Malibu Comics)
• Blondie and Dagwood's 75th Anniversary (featuring Garfield, Rose Is Rose, Mother Goose & Grimm, Beetle Bailey, Family Circus, Hägar the Horrible, Curtis, Zits, Dilbert, B.C., Dennis the Menace, The Wizard of Id, Hi and Lois, For Better or For Worse, Sally Forth, and more)
• Friday the 13th: Jason vs. Jason X
• Big Bang Comics #2 (features the Silver-Age Shadowhawk)
• Big Bang Comics #10 (features the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles)
• Big Bang Comics #12, 14, 18, and 33 (features the Savage Dragon)
• Big Bang Comics #15 (features Bog Swamp Demon)
• Big Bang Comics #35 (features 1963)
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles #9 (features Knight Watchman)
• Ren & Stimpy #6 (features Spider-Man vs. Powdered Toast Man)
• Real Stuff #1 (Harvey Pekar makes a guest appearance and meets Dennis P. Eichhorn. (Fantagraphics)

Collected editions

• Crossover Classics: The Marvel/DC Collection Vol. 1
  • (collects Superman vs. the Amazing Spider-Man, Superman and Spider-Man, Batman vs. the Incredible Hulk, The Uncanny X-Men/The New Teen Titans)
• DC/Marvel: Crossover Classics II
  • (collects Batman/Punisher: Lake of Fire, Punisher/Batman: Deadly Knights, Silver Surfer/Superman, Batman and Captain America)
• Crossover Classics: The Marvel/DC Collection Vol. 3
  • (collects Incredible Hulk vs. Superman, Team X/Team 7, Generation X/Gen¹³, Gen¹³/Fantastic Four, Spider-Man/Batman, Daredevil/Batman)
• DC/Marvel: Crossover Classics IV
  • (collects Batman/Spider-Man, Superman/Fantastic Four, Green Lantern/Silver Surfer, Darkseid vs. Galactus: The Hunger)
• Mutants vs. Ultras: First Encounters
  • (collects Prime vs. the Incredible Hulk, Nightman vs. Wolverine, All New Exiles vs. X-Men)
• The Amalgam Age of Comics: The DC Comics Collection
  • (collects Amazon, Assassins, Doctor Strangefate, JLX, Legends of the Dark Claw, Super-Soldier)
• The Amalgam Age of Comics: The Marvel Comics Collection
  • (collects Spider-Boy, Bruce Wayne: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D., Speed Demon, Bullets and Bracelets, Magneto and the Magnetic Men, X-Patrol)
• Return to the Amalgam Age of Comics: The DC Comics Collection
  • (collects Bat-Thing, Lobo the Duck, Generation Hex, Super-Soldier: Man of War, Dark Claw Adventures, JLX Unleashed)
• Return to the Amalgam Age of Comics: The Marvel Comics Collection
  • (collects Spider-Boy Team-Up, The Exciting X-Patrol, Magnetic Men featuring Magneto, Iron Lantern, Thorion of the New Asgods, Challengers of the Fantastic)
• WildC.A.T.s/Cyberforce: Killer Instinct
  • (collects WildC.A.T.s #5-7 and Cyberforce #1-3)
• Stormwatch: Final Orbit
  • (collects Stomwatch #10-11 and WildC.A.T.s/Aliens)
• Tomb Raider/Witchblade: Trouble Seekers
  • (collects Tomb Raider/Witchblade, Witchblade/Tomb Raider, and Witchblade/Tomb Raider #½)
• Planetary: Crossing Worlds
  • (collects Planetary/The Authority, Planetary/JLA, and Planetary/Batman)
• The Batman/Judge Dredd Files
  • (collects Judgment on Gotham, The Ultimate Riddle, and Die Laughing #1-2)
• Majestic: Strange New Visitor
  • (collects Action Comics #811, Adventures of Superman #624, Superman #201, and Majestic #1-4)
• Tomb Raider/Witchblade/The Magdalena/Vampirella
  • (collects a Tomb Raider story and Witchblade/The Magdalena/Vampirella)
• Top Cow/Marvel: The Crossover Collection
  • (collects the 8-part Devil's Reign crossover plus Witchblade/Wolverine and The Darkness/Hulk)
• Other collected mini-series
  • Batman/Aliens
  • Batman/Aliens II
  • Batman/Deathblow
  • Batman/Tarzan: Claws of the Cat-Woman
  • Batman/Grendel
  • Batman vs. Predator
  • Batman vs. Predator II: Bloodmatch
  • Batman vs. Predator III: Blood Ties
  • Deathblow and Wolverine
  • DC vs. Marvel (also includes Dr. Strangefate #1)
  • Gen¹³ #13A, 13B, 13C
  • Ghost/Batgirl
  • G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers
  • G.I. Joe vs. the Transformers II
  • Green Lantern vs. Aliens
  • JLA/Avengers
  • Joker/The Mask
  • Judge Dredd/Aliens: Incubus
  • Medieval Spawn/Witchblade
  • Predator vs. Judge Dredd
  • Predator vs. Magnus, Robot Fighter
  • Spyboy/Young Justice
  • Superman/Gen¹³
  • Superman vs. Aliens
  • Superman/Aliens II: Godwar
  • Superman vs. Predator
  • Superman vs. the Terminator
  • Superman/Tarzan: Sons of the Jungle
  • The Superman/Madman Hullabaloo!
  • Transformers/G.I. Joe
  • WildC.A.T.s/X-Men
  • Witchblade/Aliens/Darkness/Predator: Mindhunter

In video games

The concept of intercompany crossovers has also been explored in video games, usually in the form of having one video game company licensed out its characters to another (or vice versa).

Earlier intercompany crossovers in games occurred by taking advantage of licensing for publishing rights. GORF in 1981, produced by Midway, has the missions Astro Battles and Galaxians, which make use of characters and names from Space Invaders (Taito Corporation) and Galaxian (Namco) which at the time of the development of GORF were licenced to Midway Mfg. In 1992, Tradewest released Battletoads & Double Dragon, at that time, Tradewest owned the rights for publishing of Double Dragon by Technos Japan and Battletoads by Rare Ltd.. Rare Ltd. developed the game while Technos Japan was barely involved in the production of the game.

In 1989, DIC Entertainment produced Captain N: The Game Master, a cartoon show that featured characters and settings from Nintendo franchises and others appearing on Nintendo video game systems, possibly, taking advantage of Nintendo's licensing system to publish games. Characters such as Simon Belmont, Dracula and Alucard from Konami, Mega Man, Dr. Wily and Dr. Light from Capcom, Malkil of Wizards and Warriors from Rare and settings from Dragon Warrior/Dragon Quest, Final Fantasy (by Square Enix, independent from each other at that time), Burger Time (Data East) and Faxanadu (Hudson Soft/Falcom) appeared in the series. The 1990 animated series, The Power Team (part of the Video Power TV show) had characters from arcade games ported by Acclaim to the NES as well as games which Acclaim had publishing rights. These games were NARC, Arch Rivals (Midway), Kwirk (Atlus), Wizards & Warriors (RARE) and BigFoot (based on the famous monster truck from the game by Beam Software).

The first major intercomany crossover properly licenced is the Marvel vs. Capcom series, which originally began in 1994 with X-Men: Children of the Atom. Capcom followed this act by teaming up with rival fighting game developer SNK in 1999.

After the successful Capcom/SNK crossovers, many others have appeared since then.

Midway Games' Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe pitted characters from Midway's Mortal Kombat video game franchise against DC Comics characters Superman, Batman, The Joker, and others. This game was produced prior to the acquisition of Midway by Warner Bros., since then, Freddy from A Nightmare on Elm Street (a WB movie) appeared in Mortal Kombat (2011) and Scorpion appeared in Injustice: God Among Us (2013). However, these can't be considered intercompany crossovers. Kratos, from Sony's God of War franchise, appeared as an exclusive in the Playstation 3 version of Mortal Kombat (2011).

The games Super Smash Bros. and PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale were made possible by the "second party" model, in which independent developers work closely with the console maker to ensure exclusivity and quality. In both games, other third parties also appear as guest characters.

• GORF (1981, Midway Mfg, Arcade)

Features characters from Taito and Namco.

• Captain N: The Game Master (1989, Nintendo/DIC Enterprises, TV Cartoon)

Features characters and settings of games from Konami, Capcom, Data East, Rare, Squaresoft, Enix, Hudson Soft and Falcom.

• The Power Team (1990, Acclaim/Bohbot Entertainment/Saban, TV Cartoon)

Features characters of games from Midway, Rare, Atlus and Bigfoot 4×4, Inc.

• Battletoads/Double Dragon: The Ultimate Team (1992, Tradewest/RARE, NES, SNES, GB, Game Gear, Sega Genesis)

Double Dragon characters were created by Technos Japan.

• X-Men: Children of the Atom (1994, Capcom, Arcade)

Akuma/Gouki from the Street Fighter series is a hidden character.

• Marvel Super Heroes (1995, Capcom, Arcade)

Anita from the Darkstalkers/Vamire series is a hidden character.

• X-Men vs. Street Fighter (1996, Capcom, Arcade)
• Iron Man and X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal (1996, Acclaim, PlayStation, Sega Saturn, Game Boy, Game Gear)

Marvel's Iron Man teams-up with the Acclaim Comics incarnation of X-O Manowar.

• Diddy Kong Racing (1997, Rare, Nintendo 64)

Characters from Banjo-Kazooie and Conker series, fully owned by Rare and in-development at the time of DKR release, appear along with Donkey Kong characters, owned by Nintendo.

• Marvel Super Heroes vs. Street Fighter (1997, Capcom, Arcade)
• Marvel vs. Capcom: Clash of Super Heroes (1998, Capcom, Arcade)
• Super Smash Bros./Nintendo All Star! Dairantō Smash Brothers (1999, Hal Laboratory, Nintendo 64)

Features characters from Nintendo, Hal and Game Freak.

• Super Hero Operations (1999, Banpresto, Playstation)
• Super Hero Operations: Diedal's Ambition (2000, Banpresto, Playstation)
• Marvel vs. Capcom 2: New Age of Heroes (1999, Capcom, Arcade)
• SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters Clash (1999, SNK, Neo Geo Pocket)
• SNK vs. Capcom: The Match of the Millennium/Chōjō Kessen Saikyō Fighters SNK vs. Capcom (1999, SNK, Neo Geo Pocket Color)
• Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 (2000, Capcom, Arcade)
• Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 PRO (2001, Capcom, Arcade)
• Capcom vs. SNK 2: Millionaire Fighting 2001/Mark of the Millennium (2001, Capcom, Arcade)
• SNK vs. Capcom 2 Expand Edition (2001, SNK, Neo Geo Pocket Color)
• Super Smash Bros. Melee/Dairantō Smash Brothers DX (2001, Hal Laboratory, Nintendo Game Cube)

Features characters from games by Nintendo, Hal Laboratory, Game Freak and Intelligent Systems.

• Capcom vs. SNK 2 EO (2002, Capcom, Nintendo Game Cube)
• SVC Chaos: SNK vs. Capcom (2003, Playmore, Neo Geo/Arcade)
• SoulCalubur II (2003, Namco, Nintendo Game Cube, Xbox)

The Game Cube version features Link from The Legend of Zelda by Nintendo and the Xbox version includes Spawn by Todd McFarlane Entertainment as playable characters.

• DreamMix TV World Fighters (2003, Bitstep, Hudson Soft, Nintendo Game Cube, PlayStation 2)

Characters from different franchises by Konami, Takara and Hudson Soft are playable.

• Namco X Capcom (2005, Monolith Soft/Namco, PlayStation 2)
• SNK vs. Capcom: Card Fighters DS (2006, SNK Playmore, Nintendo DS)
• Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Games (2007, Nintendo/Sega, Wii, Nintendo DS)
• Tatsunoko vs. Capcom: Cross Generation of Heroes (2008, Capcom, Arcade, Wii (Japan Only))
• Super Smash Bros. Brawl/Dairantō Smash Brothers X (2008, Nintendo, Wii)

Features characters from games by Nintendo, Hal Laboratory, Game Freak, Intelligent Systems, Konami and Sega.

• Mortal Kombat vs. DC Universe (2008, Midway, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)

Midway acquisition by Warner Bros. (owners of DC Comics) was a year later.

• Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games (2009, Nintendo/Sega, Wii, Nintendo DS)
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Smash-Up (2009, Game Arts/Ubisoft, Wii)

Ubisoft's Raving Rabbids characters are playable characters.

• Cross Edge/X Edge (2008, Idea Factory, PlayStation 3)

Features characters from games by Capcom, Nippon Ichi Software, Namco Bandai and Gust.

• Tatsunoko vs. Capcom: Ultimate All-Stars (2010, Capcom, Wii)
• Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds (2011, Capcom, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3)
• Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3 (2011, Capcom, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3)
• Mario & Sonic at the London Olympic Games (2011, Nintendo/Sega, Wii, Nintendo 3DS)
• Pokémon Conquest/Pokémon + Nobunaga no Yabō (2012, Tecmo Koei, Nintendo DS)
• Street Fighter X Tekken (2012, Capcom, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360)

Besides of Tekken characters by Namco, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita versions include characters by Sony and Sucker Punch.

• Dead or Alive 5 (2012, Team Ninja, Sega AM2, Tecmo Koei, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)

Characters from AM2's Virtua Fighter series are playable characters.

• Professor Layton vs. Gyakuten Saiban (2012, Level 5/Capcom, Nintendo 3DS)
• PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale (2012, SuperBot Entertainment/SCE Santa Monica Studio/Bluepoint Games, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita)

Besides characters from Sony Computer Entertainment, it features characters by 2K Games, Sucker Punch Productions, Titan Studios, Namco, Capcom, Electronic Arts, Naughty Dog Inc, Ninja Theory Ltd, Konami and Insomniac Games.

• Xuan Dou Zhi Wang (2013, Tencent Games, PC)

Terry Bogard and Benimaru Nikaido from King of Fighters, have been licenced by SNK Playmore.

• Project X Zone (2013, Banpresto/Monolith Soft, Nintendo 3DS.)

Features characters from games by Namco Bandai, Capcom and Sega.

• Dead or Alive 5 + (2013, Team Ninja, Sega AM2, Tecmo Koei, PlayStation Vita, Xbox 360)

Characters from AM2's Virtua Fighter series are playable characters.

• Dead or Alive 5 Ultimate (2013, Team Ninja, Sega AM2, Tecmo Koei, PlayStation 3, Xbox 360)

Characters from AM2's Virtua Fighter series are playable characters.

• SoulCalubur II HD Online (2013, Namco, PlayStation Network, Xbox Live Arcade)

Features Spawn by Todd McFarlane Entertainment as a playable character.

• Super Smash Bros. for Wii U/for Nintendo 3DS (2014, Sora Ltd/Namco Bandai, Wii U/Nintendo 3DS)

Characters from games by Nintendo, Hal Laboratory, Game Freak, Monoliftsoft, Intelligent Systems, Sega, Namco Bandai and Capcom have been announced.

• Mario & Sonic at the Olympic Winter Games Sochi 2014 (2014, Nintendo/Sega, Wii U)
• Tekken X Street Fighter (TBA, Namco, Platforms TBA)
• Kingdom hearts (Disney,Square Enix)
• Mortal Kombat (2011 video game) (2011, Warner Bros.)

Kratos from Sony Computer Entertainment's God of War series is a playable character on the Playstation 3 version of the game.

• Mortal Kombat X (2014, Warner Bros.)

The Predator from the film series of the same name by 20th Century Fox is a downloadable character.

In films & television

• King Kong vs. Godzilla (1962 film, Toho & Universal)

Crossover between Toho's Godzilla and RKO Pictures' King Kong.

• Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Goolies (1972 TV movie)
• Fred and Barney Meet the Thing (1979 TV series)
• Fred and Barney Meet the Shmoo (1979-1980 TV series)
• Casper's First Christmas (1979 TV special)

Crossover between Harvey Comics' Casper the Friendly Ghost and Hanna-Barbera characters including Yogi Bear and Huckleberry Hound

• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987 TV series) (1987-1996 TV series)

Features guest appearances by Usagi Yojimbo

• Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988 film, Disney/Touchstone)

Features appearances by cartoon characters owned by Warner Bros., Turner, Universal, King Features and Fleischer Studios.

• Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990 TV special)

Crossover with characters owned by Disney, Warner Bros., Columbia Pictures, Bagdasarian Productions, and others.

• Ultraman vs. Kamen Rider (1993 TV special, Tsuburaya & Toei)
• Kids for Character (1996 direct-to-video special)
• Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003 TV series) (2003-2009 TV series)

Features guest appearances by characters from Usagi Yojimbo, Planet Racers, and Wild West C.O.W.-Boys of Moo Mesa.

• Looney Tunes: Back in Action (2003 film, Warner Bros)

Features appearances by movie monsters like the Metaluna Mutant from Universal's This Island Earth, Ro-Man from Robot Monster, and others.

• Wreck-It Ralph (2012 film, Disney)

Features appearances by video game characters owned by Nintendo, Sega, Capcom, Namco Bandai, Konami, Atari, Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros., and others

• The Lego Movie (2014 film, Warner Bros. & the Lego Group)

Features appearances by [[Michelangelo (TMNT}|Michelangelo]] from TMNT; Milhouse van Houten from the Simpsons; Han Solo, C-3PO, and Lando Calrissian from Star Wars, and others

• Mathlete's Feat (2015 The Simpsons episode, FOX)

Couch gag features appearance by Adult Swim's Rick and Morty.

See also

• Fictional crossover
• Crusaders

Footnotes

References

• Crossover Comix Cover Gallery
• Grineau, Joel V. "Intercompany Crossovers: When Universes Collide," Comic Book Conundrum.
• Christiansen, Jeff. "Earth-Crossover," The Appendix to the Handbook of The Marvel Universe.