SantÅ KyÅden (å±±æ± äº¬ä¼, September 13, 1761 Edo â" October 27, 1816) was a Japanese poet, writer and artist in the Edo period. His real name was Iwase Samuru (å²©ç¬ é'), and he was also known popularly as KyÅya DenzÅ (京å±ä¼è"µ, kyÅya denzÅ). He is the brother of SantÅ KyÅzan.
Life
SantÅ KyÅden was born in Fukagawa in Edo. The Iwase family into which he was born were pawnbrokers in a lumberyard. He studied ukiyo-e under master Kitao Shigemasa (åå°¾ éæ"¿), and began illustrating kibyÅshi under the pseudonym of Kitao Masanobu (åå°¾ æ"¿å¯ ). He soon started writing these novels also under the name of SantÅ KyÅden; several novels are labeled as written by SantÅ KyÅden and illustrated by Kitao Masanobu. He wrote kibyÅshi and sharebon in great numbers, and became a popular writer. During this time he married twice, both his wives being licensed workers of Yoshiwara.
During the Kansei Reforms, "[...] military and civil arts were encouraged, and the decadent writings of gesaku authors were condemned." In 1791, KyÅden published three sharebon: Shikake Bunko (ä»æ¸æ庫), Nishiki no Ura (é¦ä¹è£), and ShÅgi Kinuburui (娼å¦"çµ¹ç±). This incurred the anger of the stricter government and he was chained in manacles to his house for fifty days as punishment.
KyÅden then broke off all ties with sharebon and turned to writing yomihon. Kyokutei Bakin joined with KyÅden to write gesaku jointly, and independently KyÅden also wrote essentially historical texts on the manners and customs of the Edo period. KyÅden was an acute observer of life in the Edo period. While at ease with exaggeration, comedy and linguistic fun, his writing was primarily realistic.
Fiction writers prior to KyÅden generally wrote fiction as a hobby without any expectations of payment. KyÅden was one of the pioneers in turning this hobby into a livable profession.
Major works
KibyÅshi
- Those Familiar Bestsellers (御åå売ç©, Gozonji no ShÅbaimono) (1782)
- Playboy, Roasted à la Edo (æ±æ¸ç"è¶æ°è'²ç¼, Edo umare uwaki no kabayaki) (1785)
- The Unseamly Silverpiped Swingers (æ®æ¥éç 管, Sogitsugi gingiseru) (1788)
- Shingaku Hayasomekusa (å¿å¦æ©æ"è) (1790)
Sharebon
- Musukobeya (令åæ´æ¿) (1785)
- The Palace (éè¨ç·ç±¬, TsÅ«gen SÅmagaki) (1787)
- Kokei no SanshÅ (å¤å¥'ä¸å¨¼) (1787)
- The Forty-Eight Grips in Buying a Whore (å¾åè²·ååå «æ, Keiseikai ShijÅ«hatte) (1790)
- Shigeshige Chiwa (ç¹å話) (1790)
- Shikake Bunko (ä»æ¸æ庫) (1791)
- Nishiki no Ura (é¦ä¹è£) (1791)
- The Courtesan's Silken Sieve (娼å¦"çµ¹ç±, ShÅgi Kinuburui) (1791)
Yomihon
- ChÅ«shin Suikoden (å¿ è£æ°´æ»¸ä¼) (1799)
- Udonge Monogatari (åªæè¯ç©èª) (1804)
- Sakura Hime Zenden Akebono no ZÅshi (æ¡å§«å ¨ä¼æèå) (1805)
- Mukashigatari Inazuma ByÅshi (æ"話稲妻表ç´) (1806, translated by Carmen Blacker as "The Straw Sandal Or The Scroll of the Hundred Crabs", Global Oriental, 2008, ISBN 1-905246-64-1)
Historical works
- Kinsei Kiseki-kÅ (è¿'ä¸å¥è·¡è) (1804)
- Curios (骨è'£é, kottÅ-shÅ«) (1813)
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